Risk Factors & Early Intervention, Chapter 2

Risk facto rs and e

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Risk factors
Biological and environmental conditions associated with the increased probability of developmental problems.
Biological risk
The risk associated with damage to a child's developing systems before, during, or after birth.
Environmental risk
Risk factors related to the environment in which a child develops.
Prenatal period
The period from conception to birth.
Perinatal period
The period from the twelfth week of pregnancy to the twenty-eighth day of life.
Postnatal period
The period from the twenty-eighth day of life through the end of the first year.
First trimester
The first three months of pregnancy.
Teratogens
A substance that can cause birth defects.
Rubella
Also known as german measles; a highly contagious virus that can cause severe damage to the fetus if contracted by a mother in the first sixteen weeks of pregnancy.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
A relatively common infection that if contracted by a pregnant woman can cause microcephaly, mental retardation, neurological impairments, and hearing loss in the surviving infant.
Congenital
A condition present at birth.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Diseases spread through sexual intercourse.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A viral disease that breaks down the body's immune system, destroying its ability to fight infections; AIDS is transmitted by the exchange of body fluids that can occur through sexual contact or sharing contaminated needles to inject intravenous drugs.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The virus that causes AIDS.
Thalidmomide
A drug prescribed to pregnant women in the 1950's that caused severe birth defects.