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| 1 |
foreign bodies are much more likely to enter the....
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Right mainstem
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| 2 |
contraction of smooth muscles causes
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shortening & narrowing of airway
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| 3 |
alveoli are dependent on this to maintain patency
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airway pressure
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returns oxygenated blood to left heart via
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pulmonary circulation
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supplies oxygen to the lung parenchyma & returns deoxygenated blood to the left heart via...
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bronchial circulation
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respiratory centers in the brainstem produce
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automatic breathing activity
regulated by input from chemoreceptors
can be overriden by...
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volutary control of respiration
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from cerebral cortex
also know as Central Pattern Generator
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AS Ppa & Ppv incresase 3 things occur
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1. recruitment or opening of previously unperfused vessels
2.distention or widening of previously...
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pulmonary vascular bed in healthy individuals
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HIGH flow, low pressure
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pulmonary vessels respond to acute hypoxia by
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constricting
diverts blood away from hypoxic alveoli
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Halogenated inhalation agents inhibit
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HPV -- in dose dependent manner
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| 12 |
Estimation of anatomic dead space
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Body weight in pounds
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| 13 |
represents a fixed volume
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anatomic deadspace
(as TV decreases--> anatomic dead space will make up a larger portion...
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Most effective way to increase alveolar ventilation
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Increase depth of breathing as opposed to increase breathing rate
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results in pulmonary HOTN and failur to perfuse to the uppermost part of the lung (zone 1)
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LOW cardiac output
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sudden changes in ETCO2 during ventilation indicate
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changing alveolar dead space secondary to abrupt variations in CO (PE, posture during MV)
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| 17 |
Resting values for alveolar ventilation/ perfusion
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4L/min = alveolar ventilation
5L/min= pulmonary blood flow
--> 0.8 L/min
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| 18 |
V/Q ratio of ZERO
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unventilated alveoli
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PO2 & PCO2 values are same as mixed venous blood
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SHUNT UNIT
trapped air in alveoli equilibrates w/ mixed venous blood
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V/Q ration of INFINITY
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UNPERFUSED ALVEOLI
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PO2 & PCO2 are same as inspired gas
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DEADSPACE UNIT
no gas exchange occurs to alter composition
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