Flashcard Set Preview
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psychoanalysis
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theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy formulated by Sigmund Freud. emphasizes...
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Freud
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neurologist came up with psychoanalysis the unconscious mind contains unrevealed wishes, desires,...
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William Wundt
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1st person to announce that he wanted to make psychology a scienceand 1st to have results published...
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pyschological tests
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procedures used to measure or evaluate personality traits, emotions, aptitudes, interests,...
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surveys
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interviews or questionnaires that ask people about experiences, attitudes, or opinions
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nature vs nurture
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nature- belief that heredity is responsible for personalitynurture- belief that the environment...
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DNA
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consisted of genes-98.8% of DNA is noncoding (lies outside the genes)
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Gene
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-basic unit of heredity-made up of 4 amino acids (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)-make...
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Chromosome
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-long rod-shaped structures of DNA -found in the nucleus of every cell in the body-each...
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hypothesis
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attempts to predict outcome or phenomena that is tested
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standarization
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developing uniform procedures or testing a scoring
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Norms
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established standards of performance
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validity
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ability to measure what it is designed to measure
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reliability
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consistency of scores from a test and the ability to compare to another test from another time
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Operational Definition
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definition in hypothesis that specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process...
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Evolutionary Psychology
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-focuses on how genetically influenced behavior that was functional or adaptive during our...
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Behavioral Genetics
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researchers attempt to tease apart the relative contributions of heredity and environment to...
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Chomsy's Language Structure
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kids must not only understand the sounds or gestures that form words but also:surface structure-...
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Evidence of Chomskys structures
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1 children in diff, cultures got through similar stages of linguistic development2. children...
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Darwin's Natural Selection
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influenced the structuralists and the functionalists-individuals with the the favored (better...
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positive correlations
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increase in one variable and an increase in anotherex. as number of hours of work increases...
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negative correlation
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increase in one variable and a decrease in anotherex. Crying and being held-among babies,...
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Critical thinking
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- ask questions; be willing to wonder-define your terms-examine evidence-analyze assumptions...
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Phrenology
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traits in the brain could be read from bumps on the head
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introspection
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used by wundt trained volunteers to carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own sensations,...
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biases
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keeps us from answering something fairly
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sample types
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convenience sample mostly done by undergraduates
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psychological perspectives
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1. the biological perspective focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts.2....
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Innate Human characteristics
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1. infant reflexes2. interest in novelty3. Desire to explore and manipulate objects.4. An impulse...
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Serotonin
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neurons involved insleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression,...
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Dopamine
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affects neurons involved in voluntary movement, learning memory, emotion, pleasure or reward,...
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neurotransmitters
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versatile couriers, make it possible for one nueron to excite or inhibit another-in brain,...
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occipital lobe
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(back of head) -lower back part of brain-visual cortex= visual signals processed-damage...
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parietal lobes
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(pertaining to walls)- involved inattention and mental operations-top of the brain-somatosensory...
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temporal lobes
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(pertaining to temples)-side of brain just above ears behind temples-involved in memory, perception,...
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frontal lobes
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front of brain (behind forehead)-motor cortex=issues orders to 600 muscles of body of voluntary...
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How neurons communicate-SYNAPSE
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transmission of nerve impulse from one nerve cell to another occursincludes axon terminal,...
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action potentials
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brief change in electric voltage between inside and outside of axon when neuron is stimulated-...
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parts of neuron
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psychological practitioners
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improve physical and mental health- work in mental hospitals , general hospitals, clinics,...
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counseling psychologists
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deal with problems of everyday life-anxiety, family conflicts, low job motivation
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school psychologists
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work with teachers, parents, and students- enhance student performance and resolve emotional...
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clinical psychologists
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diagnose treat, and study metal or emotional -trained to do psychotherapy with severly...
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psychotherapist
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anyone who does any type of psychotherapy- not legally regulated anyone can say they are a...
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psychoanalyst
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practices psychotherapy-need specialized training and personal psychoanalysis
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psychiatrist
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M.D. 3-year residency to learn treat and diagnose mental disorders - focus on biological...
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heritability
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proportion of the total variance in a trait that is attributable to genetic variation within...
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Distribution of IQ scores
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bell-shaped curve- mosts scores average and very high and very low scores rare- intelligence...
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Inferential Statistics
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statistical procedures allow researchers to understand how meaningful a study's results are
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single-blind
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participants do no know they are in the experiment or control group
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double-blind
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experiment where neither the people running the study or the participants know which group...
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significan test
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how likely a result happened by chanceless than .05
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