Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
What is social psychology?
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The study of how individuals behave, think, and feel in social situations, and how people act...
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Culture
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Ongoing pattern of life passed down from one generation to another.
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What are the three types of roles?
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Social role, Ascribed role, and Achieved role.
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Social role?
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Patterns of behavior expected of people in various social situations (the President)
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Ascribed role?
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Assigned to the person, not under your control (your daughter)
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Achieved role
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Attained voluntarily by special effort (teacher)
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What is role conflict?
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When two or more roles make conflicting demands (Example: a mother with a full time job)
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Group structure
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Network of roles, communication, pathways, and power in a group
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Group cohesiveness
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Degree of attraction among group members or their commitment to remaining in groups Cohesive...
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Status
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Level of social power and importance.
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Norm
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Accepted, but usually unspoken standard of behavior
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In-group
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Group with which an individual identifies
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Out-group
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Group with which individuals do not identify
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What is the autokinetic effect?
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The apparent measurement of a stationary point of light displayed in a dark room. If one person...
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Attribution
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Making inferences about the causes of one's own behavior and others behavior
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What is consistency in attribution?
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Behavior changes very little in difference circumstances
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What is distinctiveness>
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Noting that a behavior only occurs under certain circumstances.
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| 18 |
What are the four social perception terms?
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Actor- person of interest Object- aim, motive, target of an action Setting- social/physical...
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| 19 |
Discounting
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Downgrading internal causes as a way of explaining an individual's behavior when a person's...
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Consensus
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Degree to which people agree. Implies that responses are externally caused.
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| 21 |
What is self handicapping?
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Arranging to perform under conditions that usually impair performance so as to have an excuse...
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| 22 |
Fundamental attribution error
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Tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal causes (personality, likes)
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| 23 |
Actor-observer bias
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Tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior...
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| 24 |
What is attitude?
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Learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive OR negative way.
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What are the three components of attitude?
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Belief component- what the person believes about object of an attitude Emotional component-...
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What are the ways in which attitudes are formed?
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Direct contact- personal experience with object of the attitude Interaction with others-...
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| 27 |
Chance conditioning-
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A condition occurring my chance or coincidence
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| 28 |
Social distance scale
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scale where the degree of a person's willingness to have contact with a member of another group...
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Attitude scale
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Statements on scale representing various possible views on an issue
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| 30 |
Reference group
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Any group a person identifies with an uses as a standard for social comparison
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What is persuasion, and the three parts of it?
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Deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs with info and arguments. Communicatior-...
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Cognitive dissonance?
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Festinger Contradicting or clashing thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or perceptions cause...
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Justification
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Degree to which one's actions are explained by rewards or other circumstances
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Social Influence
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changes in a person's behavior induced by the presence or actions of another person. -Someone...
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Conformity
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Bringing one's behavior into agreement with norms or behavior of others
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What are the different types of power?
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Social, reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert.
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Social power
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Ability to control, alter, influence the behavior of another person
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Reward power
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rewarding a person for complying with desired behavior
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Coercive power
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Based on ability to punish a person for failure to comply
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Legitimate power
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accepting a person as an agent of an established social order
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Referent power
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respect for a person or group
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Expert power
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Based on possession of knowledge or expertise
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Social facilitation
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tendency to look/perform better when in the presence of others
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Social loafing
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tendency to work less hard when part of a group than when solely responsible for their work
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Personal space
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Area surrounding the body defined as private and subject to personal control
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What are the four spacial norms?
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Intimate distance (most private space, about 18 inches from the skin- special people or special...
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Proxemies
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systematic study of human use of personal space, especially in social settings
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Groupthink
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Compulsion by decision makers to maintain agreement, even at the cost of critical thinking
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Group sanctions
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rewards/punishments given by groups to enforce conformity among members
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What is the Soloman Asch experiment?
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When a group of people must select a line most closely matching the standard line. All lines...
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| 51 |
Compliance
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Bending to requests of one person who has little/no authority or social power
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Foot-in-the-door effect
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A person who agreed to a smaller request is more likely to later agree to a larger demand
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Door-in-the-Face effect
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Person who refused a major request will be more likely later on to comply with a smaller request
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Lowball technique
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Commitment gained first to reasonable/desirable terms, which are then made less reasonable/desirable.
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Obediance?
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Milgram Conformity to demands of authority. Would you shock a man with a known heart...
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Brainwashing
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Engineered/forced attitude change requiring a captive audience.
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What are the 3 steps of brainwashing?
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Unfreezing- loosening former values/convictions Change- person abandons former beliefs Refreezing-...
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Cults
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Groups professing great devotion to a person/people, & follows them almost without questions -Leaders...
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What are some ideal cult targets?
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Cults try to recruit at a time of need, especially when a sense of belonging is most attractive. -Look...
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Assertiveness training
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Learn to be self-assertive
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| 61 |
What is self-assertion?
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Standing up for yourself by speaking out on your behalf; direct, honest, expression of feelings...
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Aggression
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Hurting another to get one's way no matter what, without regard for feelings
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What is the broken reward?
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Self-assertion technique involving repeating a request until it's acknowledged. Good way to...
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