Psych Test Chp 5

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51 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

Cards In This Set

Front Back
Learning
The precoess by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in nehavior or potential behavior.
Classical (or Pavolvian) conditioning
The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus comes to be elicited by a different, formerly neutral, stimulus. almost by accident.
Uncondtioned stimulus (US)
A stimulus that invariably causes an orgaism to respond in a specific way.
Unconditioned response (UR)
A response tha takes place in an organism whenever an unconditoned stimulus occurs.
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
An originallu neautral stimuls that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and eventually produces the desired response in an orgaism when presented alone.
Conditoined response (CR)
After conditioning, the response an organism produces when a conditioned stimulus is presented.
Intermittent pairing
Pairing the conditioned stimuls and the unconditioned stimulus on only a portion of the laerning trials
Desensitization therapy
A conditioning technique designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation
Preparedness
A biological readiness to learn vertain associations because of their survival advantages
Conditioned taste aversion
Conditioned avoidance of certain foods even if there is only one pairing of conditoned and unconditioned stimuli
Operant (or instrumental) conditioning
The type of learning in which behaviors are emitted (in the presence of specific stimuli) to earn rewards or avoid punishments.
Operant behaviors
Behaviors designed to operate on the enviornment in a way that will gain something desired or avoid something unpleasant.
Reinforcers
Stimuli that follow a behavior and increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.
Punishers
Stimuli that follow a behavior and decrease the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
Law of effect (principle of reinforcement)
Thorndike's theory that behavior consistently rewarded will be "stamped in" as learned behavior, and behavior that brings about discomfort will be "stamped out"