Psych Test 2

48 cards

Test this friday, on chapters 3-5

Created Sep 25, 2012
by elongtin

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	Side A	Side B
1	What was the significance of Bessel's work for the new psychology?	- astronomers observed stellar transits using the "eye & ear" method- Bessel discovered...
2	How did it relate to the work of Locke, Berkeley, and other empirical philosophers?	Locke and Berkeley- inexact correspondence between the nature of the object and perception...
3	How did developments in early philosophy support the mechanistic image of human nature?	- early physiologists studied brain functions by conducting research directly on brain tissue -mapping...
4	Three Methods developed to map brain function?	1. Extirpation Method 2. Clinical Method3. Electrical Stimulation
5	Define Extirpation Method	Extirpation Method - destroy brain part & observe resultant behaviour change -...
6	Define Clinical Method	Clinical Method - posthumous examination of brain to search for cause of behavioural condition-...
7	Define Electrical Stimulation	- apply weak electric current to brain part & observe resultant behaviour change -...
8	What did cranioscopy later became well known as?	Phrenology
9	Describe Gall's cranioscopy method and the popular movement that derived from it?	Cranioscopy- shape of skull reveals person's intellectual & emotional characteristics-...
10	How was cranioscopy discredited?	Piere Flourens was the most effective critic- shape of skull doesn't match contours of the...
11	Why was phrenology so popular?	1. Gall's great reputation: recognized as a brilliant anatomist, very well respected 2....
12	What was the ultimate goal of the Berlin Physical Society?	Berlin Psychical Society- 1840's, students of Johannes Muller (1801-1858)- committed to mechanism...
13	What is an interesting fact about the Berlin Psychical Society?	- alleged signed oath in blood- mentors of major psychology influencers
14	Mechanistic Influences	-empiricists arguing sensation is the only source of knowledge- physiologists defining structure...
15	Describe Weber's research on two-point threshold?	Two- Point Threshold: - smallest spatial distance at which two concurrent but separate...
16	Describe Weber's research on Just Noticeable Difference (jnd)	Just Noticeable Difference (jnd)- smallest difference in weights that can be detected?-led...
17	What was the importance these idea's for psychology? WEBER ( two point and Jnd)	Importance of Weber's experiments 1. Weber was subjecting mental events to measurement...
18	What was Fechner's insight on October 22, 1850?	Fechner's Insight: - sensations could be subject to exact measurements by assuming that...
19	How did Fechner measure sensations?	Absolute Threshold: - the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected Differential...
20	Procedure of Calculating Threshold:	Procedure: - start at zero stimulus value -->- increase value until absolute threshold...
21	How Wundt's system as translated by Titchener is an example of distorted historical data?...	1. Distortian occured when Titchener trandlated Wundt from German to English 2. Discovered...
22	Who was Edward Titchener?	Edward Titchener: - Wundt's former student, highly influential American psychologist, translated...
23	Describe Wundt's cultural psychology. How did it lead to division within psychology?	- 10 volume work published between 1900-1920 - dealt with stages of human mental development...
24	What was Wundt's view on experimentation?	Experimnetation - YES for simple mental functions ( sensation and perception) - NO for higher...
25	What were Wundt's ideals behind experimentation?	- higher mental processes conditioned by language & other cultural training - look to sociology,...
26	what is the BIOGENETIC LAW?	Development of individuals mirrors the evolution of a species
27	Why did culteral psychology have little impact on American psychology?	- lack of interest in the USA due to timing (1900-1920) ~ US psychologists gaining confidence...
28	How was Wundt's psychology influenced by the work of the German psychologists and the British...	- empiricism and associationism ~ consciousness consists of elements than can be studied...
29	Describe the concept of Voluntarism?	Voluntarism - school emphasizing mind's capacity to organize mental contents into higher-...
30	Cartesian Theatre	- Wundt tranformed the Cartesian- Lockean way of ideas from philosophical speculation into...
31	Types of research in Wundt's laboratory	1. Psychophysics ( fechner's laws, testing light/ audible) 2. Studies of time sense speed...
32	Mental Chronometry ( reaction time)	- subject told to focus on expected stimulus or focus on response to be made - focusing on...
33	What are the elements of consciousness? What is their role in mental life?	Elements of Consciousness - basic human immediate responses 1. Sensations - aroused...
34	Distinguish between mediate and immediate experiece	Mediate experience - focused on object of experience ( linked to outer perception) - biased...
35	Describe Wundt's methodology and rules for introspection.	Introspection ( Wundt) - internal perception ( as opposed to self-observation) - examination...
36	Did Wundt favor quantitative and qualitative intospection? Why?	- wundt rarely accepted qualitiative introspection ( how one had thought or judged when comparing...
37	Trace the fate of Wundtian psychology in Germany. On what grounds was Wundt's system criticized.	- rarely initiated new areas of research - monumental accomlishment-- cutting ties ~...
38	How did the idea of imageless thought challenge Wundt's conception of conscious experience?	Imageless thought - nonsensory aspect of consciousness - mental acts without particular...
39	Compare and contrast Titchener's and Wundt aproaches to psychology TEST	Wundt - concerned with apperception - mind organizes elements voluntarily - sought to explain...
40	Describe the paradoxical views of Titchener regarding the place of woman in psychology. Did...	- women barred from exclusive meetings og Titchener's Experimentalists ( too delicate for...
41	According to Titchener, what is the proper subject matter for psychology and how it does it...	Subject matter of other sciences - physcial processes - independent of experiencing person (...
42	What is the stimulus? Give an example. How, in Titchener's view, could the stimulus error...	Stimulus error - imposing meaning on object of observation - everyday language to be avoided (...
43	Describe Titchener's method of introspection. How did it differ from Wundt?	Wundt Introspection - favored quantitative introspection - avoided retrospection - focus; apperception Titchener's...
44	What kind of data was Titchener interested in?	Introspective Reports
45	Examples of Titchener's Research	Research Question - what happens to consciousness when attention is divided and overloades? Procedure -...
46	Describe Titchener's three elementary states of consciousness and the four attributes of...	1. Sensations - basic elements of perception; major focus of research - 44, 500 2. Images -...
47	On what grounds was Titchener's approach to introspection criticized? How did he answer...	Criticisms of Titchener's introspection - vocabulary - disagreements among observers -...
48	What additional criticisms have been made of Titchener's structuralism. What contributions...	Criticisms of structuralism - limited definition of psychology - whole greater than sum...