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-nerve cells
-brain contains as many as 100 billion of these |
Neurons
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Tiny fibers that extend out from the cell body
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Dendrites
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Group of axons bundled together like wires in an electrical cable
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Nerve (tract)
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-white, fatty sheet covering the axon
-pinched to make intervals (like sausages) |
Myelin sheath
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Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or the brain
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Sensory (afferent) neurons
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Neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to muscles and glands
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Motor (efferent) neurons
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Neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another
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Interneurons (association nuerons)
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Specialized neuron cell that mimics the behavior of others
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Mirror neuron
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Hold the nuerons in place, provide nourishment, remove waste products, prevent harmful substances from passing from bloodstream to brain, and form myelin sheath
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Glial cells
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Electrically charged particles
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Ions
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Occurs when there are more negative ions inside the neuron than outside, there is electrical charge
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Polarization
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An electrical charge
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Neural impulse (action potential)
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Small, temporary shift in the electrical charge
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Graded potential
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Every firing of a particular neuron produces an impulse of the same strength
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All or none law
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Tiny gap that separates neurons
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Synaptic space (or cleft)
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