Flashcard Set Preview
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biological psychology
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a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
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neuron
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a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
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dendrite
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the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward...
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axon
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the extension of a neuron, ending in branch terminal fibers, through which messages pass to...
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myelin sheath
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a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater...
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action potential
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a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge the travels down an axon
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threshold
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the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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synapse
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the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the...
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the...
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acetylcholine (ACh)
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enables muscle action, learning, and memory
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endorphins
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natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
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nervous system
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the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells...
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central nervous system (CNS)
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consists of the brain and spinal cord; communicates with the body's sensory receptors, muscle...
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
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nerves
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bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system with muscles,...
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sensory neurons
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neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal...
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interneurons
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neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between...
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motor neurons
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neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
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somatic nervous system
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the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
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autonomic nervous system
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the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal...
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sympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in...
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
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reflex
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a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response
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neural networks
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the brain's neurons cluster into work groups, called neural networks
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endocrine system
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the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into...
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hormones
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chemical messengers that are manufactured bu the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream,...
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adrenal glands
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a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse...
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pituitary gland
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the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus,...
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