Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
real limits of a number
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•midway
point between the number & the next lower and next higher number on the
scale
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| 2 |
frequency distributions
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•Table
that orders scores from highest to lowest.
Also tells you how often each score...
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| 3 |
simple bar graph
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used for qualitative variables
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| 4 |
stem and leaf plots
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•Combo
of frequency table and histogram
•Uses
1s, 10s, 100s digits to sort and group
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| 5 |
positively skewed distribution
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•if
the TAIL, NOT THE SCORES, occur at high end
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| 6 |
negatively skewed distribution
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•if
the TAIL, NOT THE SCORES, occur at low end
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| 7 |
measures of central tendency
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•Descriptive
statistics providing a brief summary of the center point of a distribution
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| 8 |
mode
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•Not
as sensitive as the mean to changes in all scores of distribution
•It is
possible...
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| 9 |
median
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•Less
sensitive than mean to changes in value of scores or to extreme values
•Best
measure...
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| 10 |
mean
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•This
is the most sensitive measure of central tendency
•A
change in one score changes...
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| 11 |
variability
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•Descriptive statistics that
summarize the amount of the differences between scores...can...
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| 12 |
range
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•Insensitive! Based on only 2 scores
•Subject to bias of outlying or
extreme...
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| 13 |
interquartile range (IQR(
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•The range of values for the middle
50% of the scores in a distribution
•IQR = X75...
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| 14 |
semi-interquartile range (SIQR)
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•Equal to ½ of the IQR
•Indicates the number of scale units
around the median that...
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| 15 |
variance
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•Four
important properties
–1.
Sensitive – every score is used in its computation
–2.
Logical...
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| 16 |
standard deviation
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•tells us the approximate average
deviation from the mean
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| 17 |
normal distribution
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•A
theoretical or mathematically ideal distribution
•It
can be used to estimate relative...
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| 18 |
parameters
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•Statistics
that measure all members of a population
–Mean
= μ (meu)
–Standard
Deviation...
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| 19 |
properties of normal distribution
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1.Symmetrical
2.Scores cluster around the vertical axis
3.Asymptotic (approaches the...
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| 20 |
standard normal distribution
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•A
normal distribution on which all values on the X-axis are expressed as z scores
z
scores...
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| 21 |
relative frequency distribution
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•The
area underneath the
curve is the relative frequency distribution!....maximum value...
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| 22 |
cumulative relative frequency distribution
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Area
under curve
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| 23 |
probability
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subjective and empirical...# of occurences/ total # of possible events...from 0 to 1 or from...
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| 24 |
standard score
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•Provides
logical and objective way to combine scores from different distributions
•Provides
common...
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| 25 |
ratio scale
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A
scale of measurement that has a true zero point and on which numbers are
assigned to correspond...
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| 26 |
interval scale
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A
scale of measurement that does not have a true zero point, but on which numbers
are assigned...
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| 27 |
nominal scale
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A
scale of measurement on which numbers are assigned to objects but the objects
have only...
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| 28 |
ordinal scale
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A
scale of measurement on which numbers are assigned to objects, but the objects
have only...
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| 29 |
The
standard deviation of a distribution of sample means is
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Called
the standard error of the mean ....
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| 30 |
inference
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reasoning from something known to unknown
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| 31 |
statistical inference
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drawing conclusions about population parameters from sample statistics
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| 32 |
point estimation
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estimating the value of the parameter as a single point from the value of a statisticlProvides...
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| 33 |
unbiased estimator
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lThe average of estimates from an
infinite number of random samples would equal the population...
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| 34 |
consistent estimator
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lIs one, that as the sample size
increases, the probability that the estimate has a value...
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| 35 |
stratified random sampling
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lA stratum is a layer or level of
some characteristic of a population.
lDefine ahead of...
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| 36 |
central limit theorum
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lIf we take an infinite number of
samples (of size N) from any population containing an infinite...
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| 37 |
interval estimation
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lProvides an estimated range for μ
lUses
X as a base
lSx and sampling distribution
lProbability
concepts
lConfidence
intervals...
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