PPS116 Hinman Test

-imperatives that are binding without qualification-Immanuel Kant says these are the heart of ethics

Suggests that morality is primarily a matter of individual character

-maintain there is a single standard in terms of assessments that can be made-that standards is usually their own

-see each culture as an island unto itself, correct in its own world; no overarching standard-types: descriptive-claims as a matter of fact that different cultures have different values; normative- claims that each culture's values are right for that culture

Cultures can legitimately pass judgments on one another and encourages us to listen to what other cultures say about us and vice versa

Contend that there is a certain universal moral minimum with which all people must comply

Concentrate on issues of charcter; the tole of virtues and vices in the moral life

Claims that moral values are relative to each unique individual

1. understanding2. tolerance3. standing up against evil4. fallibility

Claims that religion and reason are compatible with each other in moral matters and that they do not conflict

Maintain that whatever is good is good only because God wills it to be good

Morality has its own independent basis in reason, but God has ultimate supremacy, even over reason

God's choices are constrained by what is morall right

"opiate of the people": few people are motivated to challenge the existing social, political, and economic order

Christianity founded on ressentiment: the desire of the weak to gain control over the strong without themselves developing strengths