Flashcard Set Preview
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Representation: The Burkean Dilemma
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Should a representative rely on his/her own judgement in making decisions or should a representative...
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bicameral
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an institution consisting of two chambers (House of Representatives & Sentate)
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impeachment
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peformed by the House of Representatives, the act of charging government officials with "treasons,...
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Representatives
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-435-elected every 2 years-usually face a smaller group of voters-delegates-on average, serve...
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Senators
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-100, never all up for reeelection at once; 1/3-hold office for 6 year terms-usually represent...
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constituents
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the people who reside within an elected officials political jurisdiction
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incumbents
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the individual in an election who currently holds the contested office
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challenger
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seeks to remove the incumbent from power
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casework
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the direct assistance that members of Congress give to individuals & groups within a district...
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DELEGATE model of representation
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the type of representation by which the representatives are elected to do the bidding of the...
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TRUSTEE model of representation
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the type of representation by which representatives are elected to do what they thin is best...
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collective action problem
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a problem that arises when individuals' incentives lead them to avoid taking actions that are...
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cycling
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a phenomenon that occurs when multiple decison makers must decide among multiple options &...
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standing committee
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a permanant committe w/ a well-defined, relatively fixed policy jurisdition that develops,...
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select committee
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a temporary committee created to serve a specific purpose(ex: Hurricane Katrina)
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joint committee
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a committee made up of members of both chambers of Congress to conduct a special invesitgation...
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subcommittees
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a smaller organizational unit within a committee that specializes in a particular segment of...
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seniority
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the length of time a legislator has served in office
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party caucus
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the gathering of all Democratic members of the House or Senate
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party conference
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the gathering of all Republican members of the House or Senate
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Speaker of the House
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the person who presides over the House & serves as the chamber's official spokesperson
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majority leader
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the individual in each cahmber who manages the floor; in the Seante, he or she is the most...
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minority leader
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the individual who speaks of behalf of the party that controls the samller number of seats...
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whips
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designated members of Congress who delivers messages from the party leaders, keeps track of...
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sponsor
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a member of Congress who introduces a bill
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markup
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the process by which members of a committtee or subcommittee rewrite, delete & add portions...
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Rules Committee
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decides how a bill will be debated of the floor -when, how long & what kinds of amendments...
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filibuster
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a procedure by which senators delay or prevent action on a bill by making long speeches &...
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cloture
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a mechanism by which 60 or more senators can end a fillibuster & cut off debate
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Conference Committee
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a committee made up of members of both chambers that is responsible for ironing out the differences...
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veto
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the president's rejection of a bill passed by both chambers of Congress, which prevents the...
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gate-keeping authority
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the power to decide whether a particular proposal or policy change will be considered
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sunset provision
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a condition of a law that requires it to be reauthorized after a certain number of years
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authorization
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the granting of legal authority to operate federal programs & agencies-help determine the...
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appropriations
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the granting of funds to operate authroized federal programs & agencies-determine exact...
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earmarks
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federal funds that support specific local projects-enable members of Congress to deliver benefits...
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Kind of Appropriations:
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-regular-continuing resolution-supplemental
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regular appropriatons
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the standard mode by which federal moneys are alloted to programs
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continuing resolution
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funds used to keep programs up & running when regular appropriations have not been approved...
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supplemental appropriations
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the process by which Congress & the president can provide temporary funding for government...
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For a bill to become law:
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the bill must pass through multiple committees & subcommittees in both the House &...
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Many Ways to Define Constituency
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-Groups: race, income, education, social class, occupation, etc.-Electoral: whole district,...
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Organization: A Few Key Facts about Congress:
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-organization is a means to manage complexity-no majority? - cycling problem (too many options,...
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Organization is a means means to manage complexity:
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-competing policy priorities (ex: education)-competing policy preferences (ex: what to do about...
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Organizational & procedural devices help address this cycling problem
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-committes divide labor-being the majority party matters
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Effects of committees dividing labor:
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-reduce number of participants-help filter competing proposals-risk: committees will deviate...
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Why being the majority party matters:
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-elect House Speak & senate Majority Leader-control number of people on committees -control...
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Why Majority can't ram through it's agenda:
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-party defections, public opinion can assist minority party-party members have to listen to...
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Why Instiutional procedures matter:
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-affect whether amendments are allowed (ex: "closed rules", "open rules" via Rules committee)-affect...
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Why Congress as organized makes passage of legislation hard:
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-many steps in making of a law *committee, subcommittee, committee, Rules Committee,...
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Decentralization of Congress
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-genral trend through 1970s.. moving more authority & decisionmaking downward to more members-Party...
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Adding Coordination to Congress
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-1970's to present-increase power of party as a whole *party caucus/ conference meet...
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Coordination after mid- 1990s:
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-eliminate many committes & subcommittes-few committee staff-less reliance on seniority...
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Centralized vs. Decetnralized
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-more opinions & interests heard; but harder to pass bills, easier to block bills-an efficiency...
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