Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
This type of seizure presents as the body shaking.
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Grand mal
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| 2 |
This type of seizure presents with large delta waves.What do delta waves look like?
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Petit malBig, slow spikes
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| 3 |
This type of seizure presents like bi-polar with an initial local onset, then spreads to limbic.
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Complex partial
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This is a small seizure where there is movement of a body part; consciousness intact.
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Simple partial
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Partial seizure immediately precedes a generalized seizure.
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Secondarily generalized attack
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| 6 |
In a secondarily generalized seizure, what structure spreads the focus throughout the brain?
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Thalamus
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| 7 |
Information gets to the cortex by ______ and ______.
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GABA neuronRelay neuron
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| 8 |
How does the GABA neuron pass info to the relay neuron?
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Hyperpolarization
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| 9 |
Drugs for petit mal seizures (3)
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ClonazepamEthosuximideValporate
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| 10 |
How does Clonazepam work?
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Opens Cl channels on interneuron
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How does Ethosuximide / Valproate work?
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Closes t-type Ca channels on relay neuron
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| 12 |
In Alzheimer's D, what NT / Receptor combination is suspected to lead to the disease?How?
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Glutamate -- NMDA RToo excitatory --> excess Ca in CNS --> neuronal damage
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| 13 |
Drug of choice for Alzheimer's?How does it work?
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MemantineBlocks NMDA receptor a little which slows Ca entry
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| 14 |
To prevent the forebrain deficits of Alzheimer's (including memory, learning), you would give...
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DonepezilAnti-cholinesterase (keeps ACh around)Must give it early in tx--have to have some...
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| 15 |
Two types of tolerance.What type is the more important? Example?
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Metabolic (more metabolism)CellularCellular (fewer receptors)
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| 16 |
As a surgeon, what would you have to keep in mind about an alcoholic?
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Cross tolerance--alcoholics are often resistant to general anesthetics, barbiturates, hypnosedatives
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| 17 |
Barbiturates cause depression by decreasing NTs in the CNS. If you stop this drug, what will...
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Huge increase in NTs--> seizures
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| 18 |
When a patient withdrawals from a drug, they hit sx that are opposite of what the drug does.
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Abstienence S
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| 19 |
Drugs of abuse activate the _______ dopamine neurons that project to the ______.
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Ventral tegmental areaNucleus accumbens
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| 20 |
How does nicotine work?
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Binds to cholinergic receptors on VTA. This makes the VTA release Dopamine to the NAc.
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| 21 |
How does cocaine work?
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Blocks reuptake of dopamine into the DAT. dopamine transporter
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| 22 |
How do cannaboids and opioids work?
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Block GABA release from inhibitory interneurons so dopamine can be released by the VTA.
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| 23 |
How does amphetamine work?
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Release of dopamine vesicles by the VTA.
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| 24 |
Why do opioids get a tolerance to the high?
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More opium consumed, fewer receptors on GABA interneuron. Need more opium to downregulate the...
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| 25 |
Alcoholics also have tolerance to..
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Barbiturates (CNS depressants)
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