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| 1 |
This area of the kidney is very vulnerable to ischemia. Why?
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Medulla
Renal vessels are end-arteries; blood in medullary capillary loops has very...
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| 2 |
This part of the glomerulus is in contact with and becomes part of the capillary wall.
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Visceral epithelium
Separated from endothelium by BM
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| 3 |
This is the outside lining of the urinary space.
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Parietal epithelium
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Foot process
1. Layer of the glomerulus?
2. Cell type (i.e. generic name)?
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1. Visceral epithelium
2. Podocytes make up foot processes
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| 5 |
Type of collagen in BM of glomerulus?
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Type IV collagen
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| 6 |
Supporting cell of the glomerulus?
Location?
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Mesangial cell
Between the capillary network
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| 7 |
What are the 2 rules that prohibit filtration?
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Large
Cationic
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| 8 |
Proximal tubular cells
1. Function
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1. Reabsorb 2/3 of Na
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| 9 |
Where is renin produced?
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Juxtraglomerular apparatus
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| 10 |
Basement membrane layers
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Lamina densa
Lamina rara interna and externa
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| 11 |
Elevated BUN, creatinine
What does it mean?
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azotemia
Decreased GFR
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| 12 |
Types of azotemia
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1. Prerenal: hypoperfusion of the kidney, no parenchymal damage
2. Postrenal: obstructed urine...
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| 13 |
Hemorrhage, shock, volume depletion, CHF may cause this type of azotemia
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Prerenal
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| 14 |
Uremia
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azotemia + signs/sx + biochemical abnormalities
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| 15 |
Acute hematuria
Proteinuria
HTN
Dx?
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Acute nephritis S
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| 16 |
Acute nephritic S may be caused by
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acute post-strep glomerulonephritis
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| 17 |
Nephrotic S (5)
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1. heavy proteinuria
2. hypoalbuminemia
3. edema
4. hyperlipidemia
5. lipiduria
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| 18 |
Acute renal failure presents with what sx? (2)
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1. oliguria / anuria
2. azotemia
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| 19 |
ALL renal parenchymal diseases end with
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chronic renal failure
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| 20 |
Stages of renal failure (4)
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1. Diminished renal reserve GFR ~50%
2. Renal insufficiency ...
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| 21 |
Infection of the kidney
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Pyelonephritis
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| 22 |
Infection of the bladder
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Cystitis
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| 23 |
Kidney stone
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Neprholithiasis
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| 24 |
In unilateral agenesis of the kidney, how does the other kidney look?
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Compensatory hypertrophy
may lead to glomerular sclerosis, chronic renal...
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| 25 |
Kidneys do not reach normal size
Cause?
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renal hypoplasia
Usually acquired from scarring from some lesion
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| 26 |
Kidney in abnormal location
Anatomic problem?
Risk of...
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Ectopic kidney
Ureters may be tortuous or kinked causing obstruction
Predisposed...
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| 27 |
This common malformation is the fusion of the upper and lower poles of both kidneys
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Horseshoe kidney
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| 28 |
Microscope:
flattened epithelium, many nephrons have immature ducts, islands of undifferentiated...
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Cystic renal dysplasia
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| 29 |
Cystic renal dysplasia
How does it usually present?
Tx?
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Flank mass
if unilateral
if bilateral --> renal...
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| 30 |
Microscope:
Functioning neprhons are dispersed b/t cysts. Cysts arise from tubules throughout...
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Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
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| 31 |
ADPKD
1. Cause
2. Renal function
3. Mutations
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1. Auto Dom with high penetrance
2. Good until 30s-40s --> renal failure
3. PKD1 (more)...
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| 32 |
PKD1
1. More severe mutation
2. Gene products
3. Function of gene products
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1. PKD1
2. polycystin-1 and -2
3. Cell proliferation, abnormal ECM, secretory function of...
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| 33 |
What is associated with ADPKD?
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1. polycystic liver disease (40%)
2. cysts in spleen, pancreas, lungs
3. Intracranial berry...
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