Path 11: Blood vessels

46 cards

Path 11: Bloo d vessel

Created Nov 28, 2011
by mtsuer

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	Side A	Side B
1	Intima is a single layer of endothelium with very little...	connective tissue
2	This surrounds the media	internal / external elastic membranes
3	This supplies the SMCs (smooth muscle cells) with nutrients and oxygen	vasa vasorum
4	This is the connective tissue sheath of the vessel	adventitia
5	This type of artery controls local BP. How?	1. Medium-sized arteries (smaller aortic branches) 2. Vasoconstriction/dilation
6	As arteries age, they lose elasticity. Name? Type?	Ectatic vessels (tortuous, dilated) Large arteries
7	What arteries change during systeole/diastole? How?	Large arteries Diastole: relax / recoil Systole: expand
8	Which part of the systole/diastole moves blood thru the body?	Diastole (recoil)
9	These are the vessels that can shunt blood.	Small arteries -- arterioles
10	How does reducing the diameter of an arteriole change its resistance? i.e. R =	R will increase by 16 2^4 = 16
11	How do capillaries differ from arterioles?	no media (no SMCs)
12	Lumenal diamter of capillary	size of 1 RBC (huge overall cross-sectional area, so reduced flow rate)
13	What has a smaller diameter--veins or their analogous arteries?	arteries
14	What fraction of the body's blood is in the veins?	2/3
15	These tissue activating substances are held in the endothelium in case of injury. (2)	Weibel-Palade bodies von Willebrand factor
16	Tissue stain of endothelium (3)	CD31 CD34 vWF
17	How do SMCs change during endothelial injury?	1. proliferate 2. migrate to intima
18	In the intimal thickening that occurs after endothelial injury, SMCs migrate to the intima...	neointima
19	Abnormal connections b/t arteries and veins.	Arteriovenous fistuals rarely symptomatic, but important for surgery
20	Arteriosclerosis implies two things	wall thickening loss of elasticity
21	Types of arteriosclerosis	**Atherosclerosis Monkberg medial calcific sclerosis Arteriolosclerosis
22	What is Monkberg calcific sclerosis? 1. types of arteries 2. age 3. how do you see it? 4....	1. musclar arteries 2. >50 y/o 3. x-ray (sometimes palpable) 4. No
23	What causes more morbidity and mortality than any other disease in the Western world?	Atherolsclerosis (1/2 of all deaths)
24	Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of _________.	Atheromas: aterhomatous or fatty plaques weaken media, obstruct lumen
25	According to the American Heart Assoc, what type of lesion is it when 1. fatty streaks 2....	1. type II 2. type IV
26	Where do plaques originate mostly?	Elastic arteries Large and medium muscular arteries *Abdominal aorta
27	Constitutional risk factors for developing atherosclerotic plaques (3)	1. age 2. sex (males, but frequency of MI equalizes after menopause) 3. genetics
28	Reversible risk factors for developing atherosclerotic plaques (8)	1. Hyperlipidemia--esp hypercholesterolemia 2. HTN--both systolic and diastolic 3. cigarettes 4....
29	HDL is lowered by	obesity smoking
30	Inflammation can contribute to endothelial injury by binding ____ and ____ to ______.	monocytes and T cells VCAM-1
31	When macrophages and T cells are taken in, they cause ________ of LDL. Effect?	1. oxidation 2. GFs, cytokines released
32	What turns the fatty streak into a atheroma?	SMCs
33	HTN defined as	systole: 140 OR diastole: 90
34	_______ pressure is more important in determining CV risk (except in _______ ).	Systolic young patients
35	_______ is HTN from an identifiable cause.	Secondary HTN
36	What is the cause normally for secondary HTN?	renal disease, adrenal disease
37	_______ is HTN that is idiopathic Symptoms?	Essential HTN No sx
38	Rapidly developing HTN that can lead to death within 1-2 yrs w/o tx	malignant HTN
39	Malignant HTN has what 3 traits?	Severe HTN (200+/120+) Renal failure retinal hemorrhages, possible papilledema
40	BP =	CO x PVR
41	4 major factors for HTN	age gender BMI diet
42	CO is determined by (2)...	blood volume --> Na
43	PVR is determined by	arterioles
44	This is seen in eldery or DM patients with HTN in the small vessels	hyaline arteriolosclerosis
45	Hyaline arteriolosclerosis is a major characteristic of	benign nephrosclerosis vessel narrows & impairs renal blood flow
46	Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis is seen in	acute or severe HTN