Flashcard Set Preview
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Regulation or Pulmonary Circulation1. neural regulation - innervated by what?2. compared to...
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1. pulmonary vasculature is innervated by both the SNS and PNS2. sparse as compared to systemic3....
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1. effects of innervation are not ___ ___2. some investigators show ___ via sympathetic stimulation3....
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1. completely clear2. vasoconstriction3. distensibility4. vasodilation/ physiological function
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Chemical/ Drug Effects on Pulmonary Circulation1. name 6 chemicals that cause vasoconstriction2....
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1. Epi/ NorEpiserotoninangiotensin IIhistaminethromboxane2. vasoconstrictor in pulmonary circulation...
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which 3 chemicals cause vasodilation in pulmonary circulation?
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isoproperenolacetylcholineNO
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1. NO= produced by what?a. causes __ __ __ around ___b. vessel diameter ___: largely a ___...
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1. vascular endotheliuma. smooth muscle relaxation around arteriolesb. increases; / passive-...
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Local Vasomotor Regulation1. ___ autoregulation2. hypoxic pulmonary ___ (HPV)3. alveolar hypoxia...
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1. intrinsic2. vasoconstriction3. active vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation (arterioles)...
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HPV1. function2. anesthesia inhalation agents effect on this response-- blood would continue...
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1. diversion of blood to better ventilated areas of the lung (shut down blood flow to hypoxic...
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1. hypercapnia ( ___ ) results in ___2. CO2 levels in blood high --> increased formation...
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1. acidosis/ vasoconstriction2. CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> H + HCO33. low/ H ions / LOCALLY
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Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios1. provide a means to express the relationship btw what 2 things?2....
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1. alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow2. V(A) alveolar ventilation / Q cardiac output...
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1. V/Q in excess of 0.8 indicates what?2. alveoli behave as ______3. result r/t partial pressures...
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1. alveolar ventilation exceeds blood perfusion2. alveolar dead space3. increased P(A)O2 and...
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1. V/Q ratio less than 0.8 indicates what?2. effect on partial pressure of gases?-- alveolar...
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1. perfusion is in excess of ventilation2. decreased P(A)O2 and increased P(A)CO2-- more like...
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Interpretation of Graph from upright dog lung1. ___ and ___ are both greater at ___ of lung...
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1. blood flow and ventilationgreater at base compared to apex2. 13. 0.8
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1. apical regions have greater ___ relative to ____-- P(A)O2 = what? -- P(A)CO2= ____2....
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1. ventilation/ perfusion- ~ 130mmHg- decreased2. perfusion ventilation- ~90mmHg3. mixed inspired...
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Conclusion1. alveolar P(A)O2 and P(A)CO2 are determined by the relationship btw what 2 things?2....
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1. alveolar ventilation and perfusion2. p(A)O2 and p(A)CO23. vasoconstriction of pulmonary...
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1. Low ___ tension in alveoli with poor perfusion-- V/Q ratio?2. causes what?3. increases ___...
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1. P(A)CO2-- high V/Q ratio2. bronchiolar constriction3. airway resistance4. air flow redistributed...
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Spectrum of Ventilation/ Perfusion Disturbances1. no air2. partial airflow obstruction3. NORMAL4....
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1. absolute shunt2. venous admixture3. normal4. partial alveolar dead space5. alveolar dead...
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