A&P Section 15 & 16

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A&P Section 15 & 16

Created Feb 21, 2012
by abbyas2003

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	Side A	Side B
1	Types of Breathing Patterns1. normal quiet breathing2. difficult/ labored breathing; breathlessness3....	1. eupnea2. dyspnea3. apnea4. bradypnea5. tachypnea6. orthopnea- CHF, severe lung failure,...
2	1. hyperpnea= def?- y does ventilation increase?2. hyperventilation= def?- dcrs ___; incr ___-...	1. incr ventilation (generally during exercise)- incr's to meet metabolic needs2. ventilation...
3	Mechincal Effects1. collapse of alveolar units2. hyperinflation= __ __ in lungs; such as in...	1. atelectasis2. increased air/ emphysema or severe asthma/ FRC
4	1. Cheyne-Stokes breathing= form of ___ ___; characterized by what?- 4 possible causes2. Blot's...	1. periodic breathing; characterized by cycles of gradually increased frequency and increased...
5	1. cyanosis= ___ discoloration of the skin d/t ____ concentration in excess of __g/dl of blood...	1. bluish/ deoxyhemoglobin/ 5g/dl/ 83% in subject with normal Hgb bld concentration2a. dcrs...
6	Inspiration1. lungs are incapable of ______2. airway pressure equals ________ (barometric pressure)...	1. self-inflation2. ambient air pressure/ alveoli/ end-expiration3. from high pressure to low...
7	Muscles of Inspiration1. function2. major musclea. when seated upright or standing, contraction...	1. increase volume of the thorax resulting in expansion of lungs (incr lung volume)2. diaphragma....
8	Contraction of the Diaphragm1. during normal quiet breathing, dome moves downward ____ toward...	1. 1-2cm/ iliac crest- abdominal viscera push outward on abdominal wall (compliance)2. as much...
9	1. diaphragm innervation2. diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing= def3. infants are primarily...	1. L and R phrenic nerves2. breathing mvmts that utilize only diaphragmatic contraction3. diaphragmatic...
10	External Intercostals1. contraction causes what type of rib mvmt?2. effect on thorax?a. ribs...	1. forward and upward2. increases dimensions and volume of thoraxa. 2-10/ upward and outward/...
11	External Intercostals1. motor innervation2. significance of ext intercostals for breathing...	1. T1-T11 spinal nerves2. contraction of ext intercostals is sufficient for lung ventilation...
12	Scalenes1. name the 32. origin3. insertion4. action5. light to moderate contraction results...	1. anterior, middle, posterior2. transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebrae3. 1st and 2nd ribs4....
13	Parasternal Intercostal Muscles1. aka2. actually are components of what?3. these muscles are...	1. transversus thoracis M.2. innermost intercostals3. sternum/ costal cartilages/ downward...
14	Accessory Muscles of Inspiration1. become functional when?2. sternocleidomastoid= raises ___...	1. during exercise2. sternum/ fixed/ flexing- pump handle effecta. clavicle and manubrium of...
15	Pleural Membranes1. covers lungs2. ___ ___ overlies #1 in which 3 regions?3. ___ ___ does not...	1. visceral pleura2. parietal pleura/ -costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal regions3....
16	1. ___ ___ lie btw visceral and parietal pleuraea. aka ___ fluidb. in these regions the 2 pleura...	1. serous fluida. pleural fluidb. surface tension (adhesively)c. expansion of thoracic cavity-...
17	Boyle's Law1. formula2. english translation3. examplepre-inspiration V= 3L, P= 4mmHg = 12a....	1. (P1)(V1)= (P2)(V2)2. volume and pressure of gas vary inversely (as long as temp remains...
18	Boyle's Law1. pressure is caused by what?2. why is there less pressure in a container with...	1. gas particles striking the walls of the container2. gas molecules strike the walls less...
19	Conclusions1. result of increased lung volume2. result of decreased lung volume	1. lowers airway pressure to less than atm pressure -> pressure gradient is created: air...
20	1. normal physiological breathing2. positive pressure breathing- created by what?	1. negative pressure breathing2. mvmt of air into lungs by making ambient air pressure greater...
21	a	a