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Cards In This Set
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What is perception?
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A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
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The world that is perceived is the world that is _______________ important.
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Behaviorally
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What are the three factors that influence perception?
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1. situation2. perceiver3. target
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What does the attribution theory ascertain?
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Perceivers try to "attribute" the observed behavior to a type of cause.
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According to the attribution theory, what do they attribute to the internal?
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Behavior is believed to be under the personal control of the individual.
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According to the attribution theory, what do they attribute to external?
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The person is forced into the behavior by outside events/causes.
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What are the three determinants of attribution?
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1. distinctiveness2. Consensus3. Consistency
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What is distinctiveness?
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Whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations (the uniqueness of the act)
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What is consensus?
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Does everyone who faces a similar situation respond in the same way as the individual did?
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What is consistency?
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Does the person respond the same way over time?
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What is the fundamental attribution error?
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The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate that of internal factors.
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What is a self-serving bias?
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Occurs when individuals overestimate their own (internal) influence on successes and overestimate the external influences on their failures.
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What are four shortcuts used in judging others?
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1. selective perception2. halo effect.3. contrast effects4. stereotyping
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What is selective perception?
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A perceptual filtering process based on interests, background, and attitude. May allow observers to draw unwarranted conclusions from an ambiguous situation.
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What is the halo effect?
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Drawing a general impression based on a single characteristic.
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