Nutrition Unit 5

Water Minerals Electrolytes BodyWeight EnergyBalance

100 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

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What is water balance? What are the three areas for water input and the three areas for water output?
Amount of water in the body by intake and output. Food, drink, and metabolism-produced (breakdown bi-product of carbs, proteins, and lipids to make ATP). Evaporation, sweat, urine, and feces.
What regulates water intake?
Thirst ( not completely reliable)
What is the role of the kidney's in regulating the amount of water in the body? What is the action of the antidiuretic hormone?
Water loss in urine. Pituitary gland signals the kidney to reabsorb water into the blood. Decrease water you excrete, conserve.
What are the functions of water in the human body?
    • A medium for and participant in metabolic reactions, helps regulate acid-base balance, transports nutrients and wastes, provides protection, and helps regulate body temperature(thermoregulation) heat is released from the breakdown of carbs, lipids, and protein, to get ATP, sweat evaporates from the skin to cooldown, breakdown of starch and glucose, helps chemical reactions in digestion, cusion, lubricant, surface tension in lungs, cleansing agent.
Who is at risk for dehydration? What are the symptoms of dehydration?
Athletes, older adults, infants. Thirst, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, dry eyes and mouth, and dark-colored urine. Affected physical and cognitive performance. Nausea, difficulty concentrating, confusion, and disorientation. Lose 2% of body water
What is the concern with water intoxication?
Hyponatremia, the concentration of sodium in the blood drops. Water moves out of the blood vessels and into the tissues by osmosis, causing them to swell. Swelling in the brain can cause disorientation, convulsions, coma, and death. in coordination, dizziness, muscle weakness, more/faster than you can excrete.
How do you read the DRI tables for water recommendations?
3.7 men, 2.7 women L/d
How much fluid is recommended to replenish water loss during physical activity?
2 cups per lb of body weight lost
What is a diuretic?
A substance that increases the amount of urine passed by the body.
Is bottled water safer than tap water? Why/Why not?
Maybe. Tap water is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, and bottled water by the FDA. Tap must be filtered and disinfected.
What is the definition of a major mineral? Which minerals are major minerals?
A mineral required in the diet in an amount greater than 100 mg/day or present in the body in an amount greater than 0.01% of body weight. Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. Electrolytes and bone health.
What is the definition of a trace mineral? Which minerals are trace minerals?
A mineral required in the diet in an amount of 100 mg or less per day or present in the body in an amount of 0.01% or less of body weight. Iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, chromium, fluoride, manganese, molybdenum, and others.
  • What is bioavailability?
  • The extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient.
What types of food sources generally have higher mineral bioavailability?
  • Animal products, yeast leavened foods.
What factors generally decrease mineral bioavailability?
  • Phyrates in plants, tannins, oxalates, and fiber bind minerals in the GI tract and reduce absorption.