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Cards In This Set
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Proteins
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Large, complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essential components of living cells
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Amino acids
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Nitrogen-containing molecules that combine to form proteins
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Essential amino acids
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Amino acids not produced by the body that must be obtained from food
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Non-essential amino acids
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Amino acids that can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities and therefore do not need to be consumed regularly in our diet
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Transamination
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The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another to manufacture a new amino acid
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Peptide bonds
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Unique types of chemical bonds in which the amine group of one amino acid binds to the acid group of another to manufacture dipeptides and all larger peptide molecules
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Gene expression
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The process of using a gene to make a protein
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Transcription
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The process through which mRNA copies genetic information from DNA in the nucleus
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Translation
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The process that occurs when the genetic information carried by mRNA is translated into a chain of amino acids at the ribosome
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Denaturation
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A change in the shape of a protein caused by heat, acids, bases, heavy metals, alcohol, or other substances; results in protein loosing its ability to function
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Limiting amino acid
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The essential amino acid that is missing or in the smallest supply in the amino acid pool and is thus responsible for slowing or halting protein synthesis
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Incomplete proteins
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Proteins that do not contain all the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts to support growth and health
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Complete proteins
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Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids. Proteins from animal sources are complete proteins. Soybeans are the only complete source of plant protein
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Mutual supplementation
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The process of combining two or more incomplete protein sources to make a complete protein
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Complementary proteins
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2 or more foods together contain all nine essential amino acids necessary for a complete protein. it is not necessary to eat complementary foods at the same meal
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