+
Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
|
What does DASH stand for?
|
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
|
|
What does the DASH diet emphasize?
|
Increased potassium, magnesium, and calicum intake with reduced sodium intake.
|
|
Historically what type of diet did Americans eat and how did this affect rates of hypertension?
|
Historically people ate low sodium and high potassium diets which lowered rates of hypertension. Most Americans now eat diets high in sodium and low in potassium.
|
|
Where does the sodium in our diet come from?
|
Food processing accounts for 75% of the salt in our diet, whereas natural sources and cooking account for just 10% and 15%.
|
|
How many serving of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, milk, meat and legumes does the DASH diet recommend?
|
7-8 whole grains, 2-3 dairy, 4-5 veggie, 4-5 fruit, 4-5 legumes weekly, and less than 2 meat a week.Result: Within 2 weeks lower blood pressure.
|
|
All dietary carbohydrate, fat, and protein can break down to what common compound?
|
Acetyl CoA, which can enter the TCA cycle,
|
|
Acetyl CoA only enters the TCA cycle when?
|
When the cell needs more energy.
|
|
Most ATP (energy) is produced in which part of the energy pathway?
|
The electron transport chain or ETC.
|
|
Why does dietary fat provide more energy than carbohydrates or proteins?
|
Because it provides more hydrogen. The more hydrogen, the more ATP produced.
|
|
If eaten in excess carbohydrates, fat, protein will produce and/or increase what two things?
|
It will produce triglycerides stored as adipose tissue and/or increase cholesterol levels.
|
|
What is the name of the metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate and where does it occur?
|
Glycolysis occurs anearobically (without air) in the cytoplasm of the cell.
|
|
During times when oxygen is unavailable pyruvate is converted to what via what metabolic pathway?
|
Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid via the Cori Cycle. It accumulates in the muscles due to limited clearance of Co2.
|
|
If oxygen is available what compound is pyruvate converted to and via what pathway?
|
Pyruvate is aerobically converted to acetyl CoA which the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle which occurs in the mitochondria.
|
|
Pyruvate can convert to what compounds and acetyl CoA can't convert to what compounds?
|
Pyruvate can convert to glucose or acetyl CoA, but Acetyl CoA can't convert to glucose or pyruvate.
|
|
The TCA cycle produces what?
|
Water, carbon dioxide, ATP, H2O, and provides hydrogen atoms for the ETC.
|
