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Hipporcrates
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Aristole
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1)thought the heart was the center of intellect2) function of the brain is to cool blood
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Galen's work
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1)through observing the sheep brain, was able to draw and trace the cerebrum and cerebullum2)thought...
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Andreas Vesalius
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1) Added to Galen's ventricle theory2)marked idea that the brain functions as a machine
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Rene Descartes
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dualism of the mind and body- seperation between the unlimted mind, but limited body
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18th century provides
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1)better description of the brain2)labeling gray and white matter, lobes, gyri, and sulci
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1) producd work showing that nerves leaving the spinal cord have different functions2)Bell...
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Phrenology
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parts of a neuron
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ribosomes
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not all are attached to rough ER, so float freely, ones attached to athreat are polyriboomes
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krebs cycle
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during celluard respiration a nitochondrion inhales, it pulls inside pyruvic acid(derived from...
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pre and postsynaptic
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describe the direction of information flow... pre generally consist of axon terminal and post...
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synaptic cleft
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space between the pre and post synaptic membrane
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synaptic transmission
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transer of information at the synapse from one neuron to another
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neurotransmitter
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electrial impulses traveling down are converted to chemcial in the terminal that cross the...
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RESTING POTENTIAL
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WATER
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IONS
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peptide bonds
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amino acids assemble into a chain connected by peptide bonds which join the amino group of...
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polar solvant
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example is water
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phospholipid membrane
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phosopholipid bilayer
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effectively isolates the cytosol of the neuron from the extracellular fluid
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neural proteines
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enzymes
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catalyze chemcial reactions in the neruson cystoskeletion
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cytoskeltion
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gives neruon its special shape
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receptors
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senstive to neurotransmitters
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resting and action potential depend on
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special proteines that span the phosolipid bilayer
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proteins are synthesized by
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the ribosomes of the neuronal cell body.. in this process amino acids assembled into chaines...
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polypetides
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protein made of a single chain of amino acids
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ionchannels
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consist of membrane spanning protines that assemble to form a pore
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ion selectiviety
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a property of ion channels that are selectively permeable to some ions and not to others
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gating
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a property of many ion channesl making them open or closed in response to specific signals,...
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why regulate k+
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Parts of the Action Potential
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•Rising phase
•Overshoot
•Falling...
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Rising phase
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characterized by a rapid deplolarization of the memberbrane. it reaches a peak value of 40mv....
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Voltage-gated Na+ channel
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•Structure
–single long polypeptide with...
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overshoot
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the part of an action potential when the membranse potenial is more positive than 0mv
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falling phase
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the part of an action potential characterized by a rapid fall of memberne potential from postive...
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undershoot, after hypersplzation
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part of action potential when the membrane potential is more negatie that at rest
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threshold
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critical level of depolarization that must be crossed in order to trigger an actionpotenical......
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Voltage-Clamp
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•Invented by Cole, experiments performed by...
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