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Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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Identify the structures that make up the nervous system.
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Classify the organs of the nervous system into central and peripheral divisions and their subdivisions.
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CNS: Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS Structural: cranial nerves, spinal nerves Functional: somatic, autonomic, enteric nervous system |
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List and explain the three basic functions of the nervous system and indicate the direction of afferent and efferent information flow.
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Sensory (Afferent)= Input, senses changes
Integrative (Processing)=interprets changes (CNS) Motor (Efferent)=output, responds to changes |
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Contrast the general functions of the neuroglia and neurons.
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Neuroglia supports, connect and protect the impulse conduction cells.
Neurons specialize in the conduction action potential |
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Describe the relative number of neuroglia compared to neurons.
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Neuroglia outnumber neurons by 5-50X
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List the four types of neuroglia in the CNS and describe the function for each.
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1. Astrocytes: star shaped, create a blood brain barrier
2. Microglia: remove injured brain or cord tissue 3. Ependymal: circulation of CSF 4.Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin sheath in CNS |
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List the two types of neuroglia in the PNS and describe the function for each.
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1. Schwann cells: produce myelin sheath in PNS
2. Satellite cells: support cell bodies of PNS |
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List the three parts of a neuron
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1. cell body
2. dendrites 3. axons |
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Describe the structures located in a neuron cell body and their functions.
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Contains nucleus
Contains Nissl bodies- rough ER- site of protein synthesis Contains neurofibrils- transport neurotransmitters, nutrients |
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List the names given to collections of cell bodies in the CNS and PNS
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Clustered into ganglia in PNS
Clustered into nuclei in brain Clustered into horns in spinal cord |
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Describe the function of the dendrites
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Extensions that receive information along with the cell body in motor neurons and interneurons or generate input in sensory neurons
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Describe the direction of information flow through an axon
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Conduct action potentials toward the axon terminal
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List the names given to collections of axons in the CNS and PNS and how they are bundled together
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CNS= tracts (axons bundled with neuroglia)
PNS= nerves (axons bundled with endoneurium/ perineurium/ epineurium) |
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Identify the cells that produce myelin, describe how the sheath is formed, and discuss its function
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Oligodendrocytes: CNS
Schwann Cells: PNS multilayers lipid and protein covering surround axons in PNS and CNS MS electrically insulates the axon and increases speed of nerve impulse conduction |
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Describe the neurolemma and discuss its function
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The schwann cell membrane is called the neurolemma
it aids in repair and regeneration of axons in the PNS (absent in the CNS) |
