Nervous System- The Spinal Cord

83 cards

Anatomy terms for the spinal cord of the human nervous system. For a college-level anatomy & physiology course.

Created Nov 19, 2011
by coraejackson

Shuffle Cards

Table View

Download

Flashcard Set Preview

	Side A	Side B
1	Spinal cord	involved in the transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body
2	Spinal cord 3 major functions	A. as a conduit for motor information, which travels down the spinal cordB. as a conduit for...
3	How many pairs of spinal nerves?	31
4	cervical enlargement	supplies upper limbs
5	lumbar enlargement	supplies lower limbs
6	conus medullaris	tapered inferior end
7	cauda equina	origins of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullaris
8	meninges of the spinal cord	connective tissue membranes surrounding spinal cord and brain
9	dura mater	most superficial meninge- continuous with epineurium of the spinal nerves
10	arachnoid mater	middle meninge- thin & wispy
11	pia mater	deepest meninge- bound tightly to surface of brain & spinal cord
12	filium terminale	formed by pia, anchors spinal cord to coccyx and the denticulate ligaments that attach the...
13	epidural	anesthesia injected. contains blood vessels, areolar connective tissue and fat
14	subdural	serous fluid
15	subarachnoid	CSF and blood vessels within web-like strands of arachnoid tissue
16	neuron	nerve cell
17	nerve	bundles of axons
18	nerve tracts	nerves in CNS
19	ascending tracts	sensory
20	descending tracts	motor
21	anterior median fissure & posterior median sulcus	deep clefts partially separating left & right halves
22	white matter	myelinated axons forming tracts-3 columns (funiculi): ventral, dorsal, lateral ...
23	gray matter	neuron, cell, cell bodies, dendrites, axons-horns -posterior (dorsal) ...
24	central canal	helps circulate CSF
25	commissures	connections between left & right halves-gray with central canal in the center-white
26	roots	spinal nerves arise as rootlets then combine to form roots-dorsal (posterior) root has a ganglion-ventral...
27	dorsal root ganglion	collections of cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons forming dorsal roots
28	reflex arc	the basic functional unit of nervous system and simplest portion capable of receiving a stimulus...
29	reflex	automatic response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious thought
30	Components of reflexes	-action potentials produced in sensory receptors transmitted to-sensory neuron. to-interneurons....
31	Three major spinal cord reflexes	stretch reflexgolgi tendon reflexwithdrawal reflex
32	stretch reflex- the simplest reflex	muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them (eg., knee jerk reflex)unique...
33	muscle spindle	specialized muscle cells that respond to stretch-contractile only at their ends-innervated...
34	Golgi tendon reflex	protects muscles and tendons from damage caused by excessive tension-produces sudden relaxation...
35	Golgi tendon organ	encapsulated nerve endings that have at their ends numerous terminal branches with small swellings...
36	withdrawal reflex	function is to remove a body limb or other part from a painful stimulus
37	interactions with spinal cord reflexes	sensory information goes to brain; e.g., paindescending tracts from brain carry info to reflexesneurotransmitters...
38	spinal nerve components	axon bundlesschwann cellsconnective tissue
39	connective tissue components	endoneuriumperineuriumepineurium
40	endoneurium	surrounds individual neurons
41	perineurium	surrounds axon groups to form fascicles
42	epineurium	surrounds the entire nerve
43	how many pairs of spinal nerves?	31
44	how many pairs of cervical nerves?	8
45	how many pairs of thoracic nerves?	12
46	how many pairs of lumbar nerves?	5
47	how many pairs of sacral nerves?	5
48	how many pairs of coccygeal nerves?	1
49	dermatomal map	skin area supplied with sensory innovation by spinal nervesspinal nerves indicated by capital...
50	branches of spinal nervesrami	the plural of ramus, literally a branch, as of a plant, nerve, or blood vessel-specifically,...
51	3 different branches in the spinal cord:	1. dorsal ramus2. ventral ramus3. communicating ramus
52	dorsal ramus	innervate deep muscles of the trunk responsible for movements of the vertebral column and the...
53	ventral ramus	what they innervate depends upon which part of the spinal cord is considered
54	intercostal nerves	located in thoracic region: innervate the intercostal muscles and the skin over the thorax
55	cervical plexus	ventral rami of C1-C4
56	brachial plexus	ventral rami of C5-T1
57	lumbar plexus	ventral rami of L1-L4
58	sacral plexus	ventral rami of L4-S4
59	coccygeal plexus	ventral rami of S4-S5
60	communicating rami	communicate with sympathetic chain of ganglia
61	plexus	the joining, intermixing and redistribution of nerve fibers from spinal nerves into new nerves...
62	plexus: sensory role	touch, temperature, pain, stretch, pressure, pain, itch, and proprioception, which tells the...
63	plexus: motor role	primarily contraction of skeletal muscles
64	cervical plexus	C1-C4 innervates superficial neck structures, skin of neck, posterior portion of head
65	phrenic nerve	from C3-C5 (cervical and brachial plexuses)innervate diaphragm
66	brachial plexus	C4 from cervical plus C5-T1five ventral rami form three trunks that separate into six division...
67	axillary nerve	laterally rotates arm, abducts arm
68	radial nerve	extends & flexes elbow, extends & abducts wrist, supinates forearm & hand, adducts...
69	musculocutaneous nerve	flexes shoulder, flexes elbow & supinates forearm & hand
70	ulnar nerve	flexes & adducts wrist, flexes fingers, adducts thumb, controls hypothenar muscles, flexes...
71	median nerve	pronates forearm & hand, flexes & abducts wrist, flexes wrist, flexes fingers, controls...
72	Lumbar & sacral plexuses	Lumbar plexus: ventral rami of L1-L4Sacral plexus: ventral rami of L4-S4usually considered...
73	Four major nerves exit and enter lower limb	obturator, femoral, tibial, common fibular (peroneal)
74	obturator nerve	rotates thigh laterally, adducts thigh, adducts thigh & flexes knee
75	femoral nerve	flexes hip, flexes hip & flexes knee, extends knee, extends knee & flexes hip
76	tibial & common fibular nerve:	two nerves together referred to as the sciatic (ischiadic) nerve
77	coccygeal plexus	S5-CO-small nerve plexus that innervates pelvic floor muscles
78	tibial nerve	extends hip & flexes knee, extends hip & adducts thigh, plantar flexes foot, flexes...
79	common tibular (peroneal) nerve	extends hip & flexes knee
80	Spinal Cord & Nerve Injury C5 and above	possible respiratory failure; quadriplegia- paralysis of all limbs
81	Injury C5-C7	partial quadriplegia: complete paralysis of lower limbs; partial paralysis of upper limbs
82	Injury T1-L1	paraplegia- paralysis of lower limbs
83	Injury brain (e.g., stroke)	hemiplegia- paralysis of one side of body