Modern Biology Chapter 3

All about chapter 3 of Modern Biology. Taken from the Honors Biology class notes taught by Mrs. Bevans.

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Organic molecules
Contain mostly carbon, but usually hydrogen as well. (always covalently bonded)
How many covalent bonds can carbon make with it's valence electrons?
4
Functional groups
A cluster of atoms that influence the properties of the molecules they are attached to.
Hydroxyl Functional Group
Answer 4
-OH
Carboxyl Functional Group
Answer 5
-C-OH=H
Amino Functional Group
Answer 6
-NH2
Phosphate Functional Group
Answer 7
-O-P-O-O-=O-
Monomer
Building blocks- single unit from a polymer
Dimer
2 monomers linked together
Polymer
A compound formed from 3 or more linked monomers
Macromolecule
Large polymers
Condensation reaction
(aka dehydration synthesis) a chemical reaction that links monomers to produce a larger polymer and creates a molecule of water as a byproduct.
Hydrolysis
The process of breaking a polymer apart using water
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate- A-P~P~P (~ is a high energy bond)
ADP
Adenoside diphosphate A-P~P Stores some energy