Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Whate did Koch provided direct proof of?
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That microorganisms cause disease.
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| 2 |
What did Koch develop?
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Strict guidelines to use when trying to establish a causative agent of disease.
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| 3 |
Whate are Koch's guidelines called?
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Koch's postulates
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| 4 |
Describe the 4 Koch Postulates?
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1:Org. must be isolate in every case of disease
2:Org. must be isolate in pure culture from...
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| 5 |
What are th different areas of study within specific groups of microorganisms?
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1: Virology (Virus)
2: Bacteriology (Bacteria)
3: Phycology/algology (algae)
4: Mycology...
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| 6 |
What are different areas of study within the field of morpholgy and functional processes?
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1: mycrobial cytology
2: Physiology
3: Ecology
4: Genetics
5: Molecular Biology
6: Taxonomy
7:...
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| 7 |
What is studied in medical microbiology?
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human and animal diseases
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| 8 |
What is studied in food/dairy microbiology?
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Spoilage, Food-bourne diseases, making food products.
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| 9 |
What is studied in Public Health Biology?
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Control spread on communicable diseases, inspectors of food and water
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| 10 |
What is studies in industrail microbiology?
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Antibiotics, vaccines, steroids, vitamins, amino acids, alcohols/ solvents, enzymes
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| 11 |
What is studies in agricultural microbiology?
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Plant diseases, improving crop yields and fertility, insect microbial pathogens
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| 12 |
What is simple staining used for?
How?
Regimen?
Example stains?
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Used to observe basic structure of the cell.
Certain chemical dyes bond chemically to cells
Dye,...
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| 13 |
how do you use differentiating staining?
Regimen?
Examples of differentiating staining?
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Divide bacteria into different groups depening on staining properties due to cell wall differences.
Dye(with...
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| 14 |
What specific structures can you stain?
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Capsules, endospores, and flagellae
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| 15 |
What does staining of a flagelle do?
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Staining them can eliminate options.
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| 16 |
What charge are basic dyes and acidic dyes?
What charge are bacteria?
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Basic= +
Acidic= -
Bacteria= usually - on outside
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| 17 |
What would be the process for staining a cell with a capsule?
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On cell use Basic Dye
On background use Acidic Dye
This will leave the capsule unstained...
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| 18 |
What are the most ancient cell types?
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Prokaryotic
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| 19 |
Whate do prokaryotic cells lack?
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A Nucleus
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| 20 |
What are found in archaea and bacteria but not in prokaryotic (detail)
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Bacteria and arcaea both have a nuclus, and have small ribosomes.
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| 21 |
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
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Says that eukaryotic cells originated when smaller prokaryotic cells started living inside...
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| 22 |
What is the evidence that supports the Endosybiotic Theory?
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Organelles of eukaryotic cells (mitochondria and chloroplast) have:
circular DNA, possess...
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| 23 |
How are taxons created?
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By looking at similarities
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| 24 |
What 3 categories are used to create taxons?
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1: Structural Characteristics
2: Molecular Features
3: Fossil Evidence
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| 25 |
What does the resulting heirarchy provide information about?
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The ancestral relationships aka evelutionary history of taxa
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| 26 |
Define the Domain System of Classification?
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It uses molecular based info (ribo. DNA sequence) to group all organisms into larger more basic...
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| 27 |
What are the three domains of the Domain System?
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1:Archaea
2: Bacteria
3: Eukarya
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| 28 |
Decribe charcteristics of the domain archaea?
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They are....
Prokaryotic
Bacteria-like
Live in extreme habitats(main feature)
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| 29 |
Describe the characteristics of the domain Bacteria?
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They are...
Prokaryotic
True Bacteria (ex: e.coli)
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| 30 |
What are the characteristics of the domain Eukarya?
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All Eukaryotic organisms like squid, earthworms, etc..
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| 31 |
How many kingdoms do most scientist agree that there are?
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Five
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| 32 |
Who devised a system that names organisms?
What is this device named?
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Linnaeus devised the Binomial Nomeclature
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| 33 |
Whate are the two parts of an organisms name and what comes first and last?
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First part= Genus
Second part= species
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| 34 |
How do you write an organisms scientific name?
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In italics OR underlines
Capitalize the first name and never the last name
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| 35 |
When talking about an organisms scientific name what does the abbreviation sp. refer...
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sp. refers to a species in singular often denoting an unknown species of a...
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| 36 |
When talking about an organisms scientific name what does the abbreviation spp. refer...
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spp. refers to species in plural often denoting all members of a genus.
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| 37 |
What is a benefit of usin the Binomial Nomenclature Naming System?
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All people agree with what they are talking about
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| 38 |
List the taxonomy heirarchy from kingdowm Down to Species?
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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| 39 |
Do prokaryotic species differ from eukaryotic species?
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YES
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| 40 |
Define a Eukaryotic Species?
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A group of closely related organisms that can interbreed
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| 41 |
Define a prokaryotic Species?
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A group of cells with similar charcteristics
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| 42 |
Describe the relationship between species in the same genus?
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They will be the same in most respects but but different in a few specific ways
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| 43 |
What are subspecies?
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A group within a species that is usually defined by appearance
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| 44 |
What is true about different subspecies and their geographic location?
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different sub species live in different geographic location
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| 45 |
What is a strain?
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A group within a species, usually define by physiological traits.
Denoted by numbers, letters,...
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| 46 |
What is a clone?
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A group of organism all derived from a single cell
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| 47 |
What book can be used to identify Archaea and Bacteria?
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Bergey's Manual
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| 48 |
How many phyla's are there, how many groups?
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24 phyla and 9 groups
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| 49 |
What are the 9 groups that are within the 25 phylas?
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proteobacteria, nonproteobacteria (gram negative), firmicutes,actinobacteria, chlamydiae, spirochaetes,...
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| 50 |
What are the characteristics used for identifying bacteria?
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morphology, differential staining, biochemical tests, oxygen requirments, and hughly specific...
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| 51 |
What are the highly specific tests used for characterizing bacteria?
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Serology (antibody based tesing)
Phage Typing
Molecular methods
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| 52 |
List facts about Bacteria characteristics?
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They are...
Prokaryotic, small (.25-15 nm)
Usually have cell walls
single celled, and have...
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| 53 |
How can baceria cossis occur?
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As singles, individuals, diplococci (2), tentrads (4), sarcinae (8), streptococci (chains),...
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