Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
who discovered the molecular structure of DNA?
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James Watson and Francis Crick
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| 2 |
DNA helicase
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unwinds and seperates parental strand in a small area of the chromosome
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| 3 |
nucleoside triphosphates
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pre-formed nucleotides (base, sugar, phosphate) in the cytoplasm; building blocks of DNA
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| 4 |
DNA polymerase
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adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the daughter strand; moves towards the replicaiton fork...
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1'3'5'
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#1 carbon; base is attached here#3 carbon; has an OH group#5 carbon; phosphate group attached...
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| 6 |
lagging strand
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 RNA primer binds to the 3' end; synthesized in pieces called Okazaki fragments; then joined... |
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| 7 |
semi-conservative replication
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finished products consists of one parent strand and one daughter strand
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| 8 |
transcription
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transfer of information from DNA to RNA; A dictates U (uracil) in mRNA-- sense strand serves...
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| 9 |
translation
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protein synethesis; sets of three nucleotides (codons) specify each amino acid; takes place...
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| 10 |
degeneracy
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most amino acids are specified by several codons (64 possible codons but only 20 amino acids)
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| 11 |
DNA replication in eukaryotes
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DNA has regions that code for proteins (exons) and regions that don't (introns); all nucleotides...
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| 12 |
stop codons
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UAA, UAG, UGA specify "stop"; signal end of translation
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| 13 |
start codon
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AUG specifies methionine and sinals beginning of translation
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| 14 |
constitutive production
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60-80% of enzymes are produced constantly
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| 15 |
repression
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transcription of mRNA for regulated enzymes is inhibited by repressors (regulatory...
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| 16 |
induction
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trascription of mRNA for a regulated gene is activated; inducers cause inducible enzymes...
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| 17 |
operon model
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developed by Francis Jacob, Jacques Monrod and Andre Lwoff; on a strand of bacterial DNA,...
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| 18 |
Lac operon
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in e. coli; three enzymes must be made in order to digest lactose: B-galactosidase (splits...
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| 19 |
tryptophan
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amino acid; when in excess, binds to and actives a repressor; this complex binds to the tryptophan...
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