MCAT Biology

Unicellular with simple structureNo true nucleusnucleoid with DNAPlasmids30S and 50S RibosomesNo Membrane Bound Organelles

Nucleus w/ DNA in chromosome40S and 60S ribosomesMembrane bound organelles

Phospholipid bilayerSelective Permeability: Small, nonpolar but not charged ions or large moleculesCAMS: cell adhesion moleculesRecepotrs: complex proteins on surface that bind molecules in environment

Nuclear membraneNuclear poresNucleolus - where rRNA synthesis occurs

Site of protein production2 subunitsFree : in CytoplasmBound : in ER

Network of Membrane Enclosed spaces connected with nuclear membraneRough ER: ribosomes- Makes proteins and intracellular TransportSmooth ER: no ribosomes- Lipid synthesis and Detox

Receives vesicles and contents from SERModifies + Packages into vesiclesDistributes them

Membrane bound vesicles with hydrolytic enzymesmax effectivity at pH5 (why it needs to be enclosed)break down old componentsAutolysis - rupturing lysosome membrane -> release hydrolytic enzymes

Containers for metabolic rxnsPeroxisomes - have oxidative enzymes involving hydrogen peroxideGlyoxysomes - convert fats into sugars until seedling is mature enough to produce its own sugars

Site of aerobic respiration(Inheritance from oocyte)semiautonomous - has its own DNA and ribosomesIntermembrane space, Cristae (the convolutions) and Matrix (inner part, where many reactions occur)

Specialized type of microtubule involved in spindle organization during cell divisionPlants don't have centriolesAnimals have a pair of centrioles oriented at right angles to each other in the centrosomeComposed of microtubules

Hollow rods of tubulin. Provides framework for organelle movement in the cell.

Solid rods of actin invovled in cell movement and support(e.g. Muscle contraction actin-myosinmove materials across plasma membrane

Involved in maintenance of cytoskeletal integrity

Net movement of particles down their concentration gradients (Passive)Osmosis - Water from low to high solute concentration