Lifespan Development Exam 2

Any substance that crosses the placenta and harms the fetus Examples: Alcohol, cocaine, herpes, antibiotics, lead, stress (?), thalidomide

Medical medication that can stop ear and limb formation of a fetus

Brain damage Central nervous system damage Immune system abnormality Damage to sensory organs (eyes, etc.)

Preterm birth Respiratory Distress Convulsions Low blood sugar Metabolic problem, controversial because can cause mother to go back into depression which can also be harmful

Not clear, high “dose” may lead to low birth weight and possible SID, normally poses no problem, shouldn’t drink more than three cups a day containing caffeine

Distorting the facial features (especially the eyes, ears,and upper lip) in the first weeks of prenatal development. It later causes fetal alcohol effects, leading to hyperactivity, poor concentration, impaired spatial reasoning, and slow learning

Heavy exposure may affect the central nervous system, when smoked may hinder fetal growth, SGA – low birthweight

When a preterm newborn can survive

Malnutrition

Infants are later to smile, to hold a bottle, to walk, and to communicate. As the months go by, cognitive difficulties as well as visual and hearing impairments may emerge. Survivors who were high-risk newborns tend to become infants and children who cry more, pay attention less, disobey, and experience language delays. higher rates of obesity, heart disease, and diabetes in adulthood

3 stages, crowning takes place in stage 2

Epidural

Fernand Lamaze: Influenced by Soviet system based on Pavlovian conditioning Breathing system to reduce pain

10 points; 0-2 points per dimension Appearance (color) Pulse (slow<100, fast> 100) Reflex irritability (crying, coughing, etc.) Muscle tone (active—weak—limp) Respiration (crying—slow—none)

Precursor for children to walk when they kick and act like they’re walking