Flashcard Set Preview
| Side A | Side B | ||
| 1 |
Main Actions of Hormones
|
1. Morphogenesis
2. Integration
3. Maintenance
|
|
| 2 |
blank
|
blank
|
|
| 3 |
hormones that regulate physical growth (hypertrophy and hyperplasia of cells, bone resoprtion...
|
morphogenesis
|
|
| 4 |
hormones that integrate the activity of response to stress (fight of flight response)
|
integration
|
|
| 5 |
hormones that are involved in maintain internal homeostasis (ion concentration, water balance...
|
maintenance
|
|
| 6 |
endocrine, paracrine, autocrine
|
signaling
|
|
| 7 |
goest into bloodstream
|
endocrine
|
|
| 8 |
- signaling molecules to cells in immediate vicinity
- doesn't go into bloodstream
- ex....
|
paracrine
|
|
| 9 |
- cell signals self
|
autocrine
|
|
| 10 |
1. Amines (ex. E)
2. Peptides...
|
Chemical Signals (hormones)
|
|
| 11 |
- May be peptides, metabolites of single...
|
Hormones
|
|
| 12 |
ACTH, GH, insulin, somatostatin etc.
|
Peptide Hormones
|
|
| 13 |
E, NE, serotonin
|
AA Derived Hormones
|
|
| 14 |
Aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone, testosterone
|
Steroid Hormones
|
|
| 15 |
o Non-endocrine tissue producing hormones (not good)
o Cause: Lung...
|
- Paraneoplastic syndromes
|
|
| 16 |
1. Free
2. Bound to carrier proteins
|
Hormones can circulate
|
|
| 17 |
1. Reservoirs (minimizes fluctuations)
2. ...
|
Purpose of Carrier proteins
|
|
| 18 |
Binds to carrier protein and helps it survive longer
|
T4
|
|
| 19 |
- Small body neurons
- ...
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
| 20 |
- Precursor of the steroid hormones...
|
Cholesterol
|
|
| 21 |
- Forms 80% of steroids produced
- ...
|
LDL
|
|
| 22 |
1. Adrenal cortex
2. Gonads
|
Have enzymes required to make steroids
|
|
| 23 |
- Cortisol (glucocoticoid)
- ...
|
Adrenal cortex
|
|
| 24 |
- Estrogen
- ...
|
Gonads
|
|
| 25 |
- Bind to intracellular receptors that...
|
Steroid hormones
|
|
| 26 |
1. Hypertension
2. Ventricular...
|
Anabolic Steroid Side Effects
|
|
| 27 |
- Endocrine regulation
- ...
|
Regulation of Growth and Body Mass
|
|
| 28 |
- Majority of muscle growth
- ...
|
Hypertrophy
|
|
| 29 |
- Gut, skin cells, liver
- ...
|
Hyperplasia
|
|
| 30 |
- Secreted by somatotrophs in the anterior...
|
GH
|
|
| 31 |
- Greatest secretion happens during sleep...
|
GH
|
|
| 32 |
- Stimulates the secretion of IGF-1
- ...
|
GH
|
|
| 33 |
GH:
Decrease glucose uptake
|
muscle
|
|
| 34 |
GH:Increase lypolysis
|
fat
|
|
| 35 |
GH:Increase gluconeogenesis
|
liver
|
|
| 36 |
GH:Insulin resistance
|
muscle, fat, and liver
|
|
| 37 |
- Inhibits GH
- ...
|
Somatostatin
|
|
| 38 |
- Causes somtatorphs to synthesis and...
|
GHRH
|
|
| 39 |
- Produced and released mainly by stomach...
|
Ghrelin
|
|
| 40 |
- Opposite of ghrelin
- ...
|
Leptin
|
|
| 41 |
- Secrete GH in pulses
- ...
|
Somatotrophs
|
|
| 42 |
- Principal mediator of the growth-promoting...
|
IGF-1
|
|
| 43 |
- Acts through IGF-1 receptors in an...
|
IGF-1
|
|
| 44 |
- Inhibits GHRH and GH secretion in a...
|
IGF-1
|
|
| 45 |
- Of 29 AA’s in IGF-1, 13 are homologous...
|
Insulin B domain (on human insulin)
|
|
| 46 |
- Elevated GH during development
|
Gigantism
|
|
| 47 |
- Low levels of GH during development
|
Pituitary Dwarfism
|
|
| 48 |
- High GH later in life
- ...
|
Acromegaly
|
|
| 49 |
- Increase body fat
- ...
|
GH deficiency
|
|
| 50 |
- Decrease fat
- ...
|
GH replacement
|
|
| 51 |
- Work synergistically
|
Insulin and IGF-1
|
|
| 52 |
- Decrease BMR
- ...
|
Hypothyroid
|
|
| 53 |
- Increased BMR
- ...
|
Hyperthyroid
|
|
| 54 |
1. TH
2. Steroids
3. ...
|
Other Growth Factors
|
|
| 55 |
- Made by iodinating tyrosine residues...
|
TH
|
|
| 56 |
- Increases energy consumption
o ...
|
TH
|
|
| 57 |
- From the hypothalamus
- ...
|
TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
|
|
| 58 |
- Stimulates T4/T3 synthesis
|
TSH
|
|
| 59 |
- Needs to increase for TSH to be produced...
|
Calcium
|
|
| 60 |
- Decrease mental age, bone age, height...
|
Thyroid definiciency
|
|
| 61 |
- Take up iodinated thyroglobulin, hydrolyze...
|
Follicular Cells
|
|
| 62 |
- Pituitary responds by increasing TSH...
|
Goitrous Hypothyroidism
|
|
| 63 |
- Act through nuclear receptors in target...
|
Thyroid hormones
|
|
| 64 |
- Increase BMR – weight loss
|
Hyperthyroid
|
|
| 65 |
- Decrease BMR – weight gain
|
Hypothyroid
|
|
| 66 |
- Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin...
|
Graves Disease
|
|
| 67 |
- Muscles around eyes enlarge
- ...
|
Graves Disease
|
|
| 68 |
- Motor and neural deficiencies
|
Nerogenic Cretinism and Myxedematous cretinism
|
|
| 69 |
- Steroid hormones (cortisol)
|
Adrenal cortex
|
|
| 70 |
- E, NE
|
Adrenal Medulla
|
|
| 71 |
1. Glucocorticoids (ex. cortisol)
2. ...
|
Adrenal Steroid Classes
|
|
| 72 |
- The primary glucocorticoid hormone...
|
Cortisol
|
|
| 73 |
- CNS behaviour
- ...
|
Cortisol
|
|
| 74 |
- Excess cortisol
- ...
|
Cushings Syndrome
|
|
| 75 |
- Low blood glucose levels results in...
|
Cushings Syndrome
|
|
| 76 |
- Cortisol insufficiency
- ...
|
Addisons disease
|
|
| 77 |
- Other symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,...
|
Addisons disease
|
|
| 78 |
- From the hypothalamus stimulates the...
|
CRH
|
|
| 79 |
- Mineralcorticoid
- ...
|
Aldosterone
|
|
| 80 |
- Something in...
|
Insulin
|
|
| 81 |
- Decreases proteolysis
- ...
|
Insulin
|
|
| 82 |
- Stores mainly E, and some NE (both...
|
Medulla
|
|
| 83 |
- Production and release of insulin
- ...
|
Pancreas
|
|
| 84 |
- Metabolism of glucose by these cells...
|
Beta cells
|
|
| 85 |
- Modulate insulin secretion
|
Neural and Humeral Factors
|
|
| 86 |
- Glucagon
|
Humeral factor
|
|
| 87 |
- Up regulates insulin response
|
Glucagon
|
|
| 88 |
- Leprechaunism
- ...
|
Donohue Syndrome
|
|
| 89 |
- Will bind preferentially to alpha and...
|
E
|
|
| 90 |
- Working muscles will take all the glucose/oxygen...
|
High insulin
|
|
| 91 |
- Diabetic mother, baby produces more...
|
Fetal macrosomia
|
|
| 92 |
- Central: poldipsia, polyphagia, lethargy,...
|
Diabetes Mellitus
|
|
| 93 |
- IDDM – insulin dependent diabetes...
|
Type I
|
|
| 94 |
- NIDDM
- ...
|
Type II
|
|
| 95 |
- Same max response is reached, but only...
|
Type II
|
|
| 96 |
- Retinopathy (eyes)
- ...
|
Diabetic Complications
|
|
| 97 |
- One of the principle therapies to acutely...
|
Physical Activity
|
|
| 98 |
1. Short FB = ACTH
2. Long FB...
|
Stress
|
|
| 99 |
- Max response is reached when only ~5%...
|
Normal
|
No comments yet! Be the first to add a comment below!
Please login to post comments.
After login, we will forward you back to this flashcard.