Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Confirming Messages v. Disconfirming Messages
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Confirming message communicates that "you exist" or "you matter." Disconfirming messages...
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| 2 |
Three levels of confirming messages: recognition, acknowledgement, endorsement
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recognition- recognize the other person, i.e return phone calls and visitsacknowledgement-...
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| 3 |
collaborative negotiation
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assumes that creativity can transcend the win/lose aspect of competitive negotiations. Both...
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integrative
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both parties win in a disagreement. They find a solution that benefits both of their top desires
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assumptions of the integrative/collaborative model of negotiation
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1. negotiation world is controlled by enlightened self-interests2. Common interests are valued...
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Expanding the pie
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encourages collaborative outcomes because most conflicts are based on the perception of scarce...
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nonspecific compensation
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a process in which one of the parties is "paid off" with some other form of compensation, could...
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logrolling
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one offers tradeoff issues that are the top priority for the other. similar to nonspecific...
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cost cutting
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minimizes the other's costs for going along with you, i.e. having a partner meet you a few...
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bridging
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invents new options to meet the other side's needs
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disadvantages of collaborative approaches
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1. strongly biased toward cooperation2. avoids strategies that are confrontational3. focuses...
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the language of collaboration
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collaboration is both a mindset and a set of techniques. Specific phrases of collaboration.
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| 13 |
differences in male and female sociolization and physiological responses
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-women value relationships and use talk as a way of maintaining them. They respond by talking...
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exit-voice-loyalty-neglect model
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-Exit: leave an argument or even end a relationship when conflict arises (active)-Voice: engages...
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definition of "irresolvable conflict"
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a conflict in which at least one of the individuals believes the argument is impossible to...
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Common topics of irresolvable conflicts
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religion, personal beliefs
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possible reasons why irresolvable conflicts exist
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individuals do not readily change their personal beliefs or personalities. These are deep-rooted...
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Communication patterns in irresolvable conflicts
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-Topic Avoidance: couples avoid the topic altogether-Argument Prevention: using moderate to...
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Obsessive Relational Intrusion
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repeated pursuit of intimacy with someone who does not want such attention
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Duck's four-stage model of relational dissolution
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-Intrapsychic: Individual reflection-Dyadic: partner confrontation-Social: going public to...
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| 21 |
being divorced "to" each other rather than divorced "from"each other
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ex-spouses develop a divorced relationship based on their child's needs
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| 22 |
differentiating
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to become distinct or distant in character; mainly a process of disengaging or uncoupling
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circumscribing
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communication is constricted; qualitative and quantitative information exchange decreases
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stagnating
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remain motionless or inactive; efforts to communicate effectively are at a standstill
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avoiding
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communication is specifically designed to avoid the possibility of face-to-face or voice-to-voice...
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terminating
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bonds that held the pair together wear thin and finally pull apart; includes distance and disassociation
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magical ration of 5:1
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five positive feelings and interactions for every one negative feeling and interaction to create...
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Gottman's Four Horseman of the Apocalypse
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Criticism, defensiveness, contempt, stonewalling
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flooding
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when adrenaline gets so high that individuals cannot think calmly or listen to the partner's...
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| 30 |
role of compatibility and incompatibility in marital satisfaction
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-compatibility: spouses agree on sex, money, religion and childbearing-incompatibility: all...
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functions of family stories (6)
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1. to remember2. to create belonging and reaffirm family identity3. to educate current members...
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adoption stories
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constructs the meaning of how children were born, separated from birth parents, and integrated...
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gender in family stories and storytelling
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most of the stories are about the men, but they are told by the women
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family stories about a suffering child and a ministering mother
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replays the importance of maternal sacrifice and whole sacrifice, regardless of the cost. ex....
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proximity in family stories- who should stay and who should travel
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men typically were allowed to travel, fulfilling their manifest destiny. women were considered...
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communities of memory
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family stories keep the community connected through memories
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high discourse-dependant families
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families that depend on much story-telling and labeling to promote their familial bond
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recent increases in diversity of family types
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as families become increasingly diverse, their definitional processes expand exponentially...
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external boundary management practices
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1. Labeling- titles or positions provide an orientation, i.e. identifying the familial tie...
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internal boundary management practices
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1. naming- allows members to indicate their familial status2. Discussing- degree of difference...
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Five types of sibling relationships
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1. intimate2. congenial3. loyal4. apathetic5. hostile
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Stafford and Canary's typology of relational maintenance behaviors
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-positivity: involves interacting with the partner in a cheerful and optimistic manner-openness:...
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Other forms of relational maintenance behaviors
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-conflict management: behaviors that consist of understanding, forgiveness, and patience-advice:...
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Three stages of adult sibling relationships
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1. emerging adulthood: individuals distance themselves physically and emotionally from siblings;...
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confirmation, avoidance, negativity, humor
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relational maintenance behaviors used by adult siblings
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face to face communication characteristics of physically abusive parents
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1. frequency, duration, intensity, and sequencing of negative parenting behaviors2. verbal...
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verbal aggression
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parents attack their child personally through verbalization
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maternal trait VA and mother-child play
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1. verbal aggression did not occur in playtime interactions2. mothers with high trait VA gave...
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implications of research on maternal trait VA and mother-child play
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children become less tolerant of their mothers because of the constant commands and suggestions...
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| 50 |
agentic friendship
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friends that are only friends because of close proximity, but it fades once one person leaves
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communal friendship
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characterized by strong emotional attachment and loyalties
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the role of gender in agentic v. communal friendships
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same sex friendships are more likely to be communal, whereas opposite sex are usually agentic
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urban tribe
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small societies formed through friendships and mutual interests
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roles within urban tribes
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organizer, advice giver, innovators, comedian, worrier, chaperone, etc.
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ratio of organizers, advice givers, and assistants in charge of details to "children"
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4:1 ratio, at least
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Clustering coefficients
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number of people who actually know each other divided by the number of people who could possibly...
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"core group" v. "stragglers" or "outliers"
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close group or four to twelve friends v. affiliate members who would occasionally join the...
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why are cross-sex friendships difficult to achieve and maintain?
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1. sexual attraction2. differing attitudes toward friendship
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| 59 |
gendered communication patterns in terms of conflict, intimacy and self disclosure, communicator...
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1. conflict: women are more likely to blame themselves and are more likely to end the relationship...
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| 60 |
male dominance in many cross-sex friendships
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men tend to play the role of the protector, assuming the woman is weak and needs protection
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| 61 |
patterns of power in relationships
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1. complementary: communication based on inequality and difference2. symmetrical: communication...
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digital native, digital settlers, digital immigrants
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-natives: born after 1980 when social technologies came online-settlers: grew up in an analog-only...
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computer mediated communication CMC
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not face-to-face interaction; text based; primarily linguistic; LACKING NONVERBAL AND/OR STANDARD...
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"three degrees of influence rule"
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what you do or say ripples through your network, impacting your friends (one degree), your...
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groundswell
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a social trend in which people are using technologies to get what they need from each other,...
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developing a cyber-self
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in virtual reality, we self-fashion and self-create
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| 67 |
avatars
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a digital fictional and fantasy representation of a user in a virtual world
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| 68 |
signaling theory
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people have qualities that they wish to present to others
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| 69 |
ETEWAF
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everything that ever was, available forever
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| 70 |
assumptions of online presentation of the self
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1. the computer screen can deceive2. online discussions often prompt introspection3. online...
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synchronous communication v. anychronous communication
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communication between the sender and receiver taking place at real time v. sender and receiver...
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postcyberdiscolure panic PCDC
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person discloses personal information in an email or on a message board, only to later experience...
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| 73 |
identity marker
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electronic extension of the self. ex. screen names and personal home pages
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| 74 |
screen names
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functions as a way for communicators to protect their personal identities from one another...
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| 75 |
communication technology and relational maintenance
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people change their relationships based on communication technology
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| 76 |
hyperdating
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development of an online relationship at lightning speed
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abbreviated language
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used for efficiency since most technology users are on the go
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graphic accents
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articons and emoticons
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| 79 |
articons and emoticons
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picture used in an electronic message; smiley face
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| 80 |
blogging
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running commentary that usually includes personal thoughts and feelings about a topic
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