Integumentary System Unit Test

Group of specialized epithelial cells & usually associated w/ hair follicles.
holocrine glands; cells produce globules of a fatty material that accumulate, swelling, bursting cells.

Fatty material from skin glands & cellular debris
secreted into hair follicles; keeps hairs & skin soft, pliable, & waterproof

Simple branched areolar gland
scattered thruout skin, not on palms or soles; some regions include lips, corners of mouth, etc.
open directly to surface of skin

Widespread in skin; gland consists of tube (originates as ball-shaped coil) in deeper demis.

Most numerous sweat glands; respond thruout life to a temp. elevated by environmental heat or physical exercise.
common in forehead, neck, & back. produce profuse sweat on hot days.
fluid is carried by duct opens up at surface

Secretion; develop scent as they are metabolized by skin bacteria
become active at puberty

Ear wax glands; modified apocrine glands

Outer layer; keratinized stratified squamous epithelial; four cell types, five distinct layers
surface layer (kerantin); waterproof, resist surface evaporation, prevent excessive water loss. protective barrier against UV light, bacteria, chemicals & abrasion

2nd layer (thinner layer), thicker than epidermis, made up of connective tissue (collagen elastic fibers, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, & blood)
has basement membrane anchored

Deepest epidermis layer, 1 row of cuboidal-columnar, stem cells that divide rapidly to produce new keratinocytes.
melancocytes (synthesize pigment melanin); merkel cells found too

8-10 layers thick; keratinocytes contain thick bundles of immediate filaments.
Langerhans cells most abundant in layer

Adjacent to dermis; only layer to receive nourishment

Kerantinization process begins, cells die; contains granules (precursor of keratin)

Found in thickened areas of epidermis (sole of feet); cells appear clear due to accumulation of keratin precursor; cells begin to degenerate

Outermost layer composed of dead, flat keratinized cells