Flashcard Set Preview
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800 BC Spartans
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Decided if weak children would be raised or left to
die
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449 BC: 12
Tables of Rome
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“a father should put down a SON that is different…”
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Hippocrates
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Refuted the idea that epilepsy was a curse or
caused by the Gods
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360 BC: Plato
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Endorsed selective breeding to
improve society and eliminate defects/weaknesses. Endorsed...
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15th Century: Court Fools
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People with physical or mental disabilities.
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o 1494: “The Hammer of the Witches”
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Seizures
were indicative of being “against God”
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Endorsed...
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o 1600s: Elizabethan Poor Laws established
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Refers to
the “impotent poor”
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o 1824: Almshouses opened in New York
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“for lunatics, idiots, and epileptics
o 1854: New York Asylum...
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TThe positive side
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It recognized that these people needed support
and that they were part of...
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TThe negative side
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o Their motives were not pure. The idea was to
segregate them...
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1840: P. T.
Barnum’s
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Featured people with physical differences as forms
of entertainment
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1845: Dorothea
Dix
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works to establish separate facilities for people
with mental disabilities and...
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1877: The Jukes
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A study in crime, Pauperism, Disease, and Heredity
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o 1878: NY State Asylum for Feeble-Minded Women of
Child-Bearing...
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For “inherently promiscuous women and their
crime-prone offspring"
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Sir Francis Galton
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Coined the term Eugenics.
§
“Good
traits breed...
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1887: Anne
Sullivan
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hired to teach Helen
Keller
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1899: Dr.
Harry Sharp
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§
Involuntary
vasectomies performed on residents
Lead to legislation...
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1907: Compulsionary Sterilization law passed in Indiana
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Criminals and the "feeble minded"Began move towards forced sterilization in many states.
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Ableism
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A negative perspective on disabilities.
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Dictionary Definitions
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Lack of adequate power, strength, or physical or
mental ability; incapacity
A...
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World Health Organization
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Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation...
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Impairment
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Problem in the body function or structure
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Activity Limitation
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A difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action
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Participation Restriction
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A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in LIFE situations.
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According to ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)
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The person 1. Has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more...
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The 3 Models for defining disabilities
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1. Moral Model 2. Social Model 3. Medical Model
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Moral Model
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Disability is associated with shame and punishment.
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Medical Model
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Disability is a problem caused by a disease, injury, or other condition. The person is...
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Social Model
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Disability is a result of the social standards and expectations. Current way of looking...
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Overarching issues related to Disabilities
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1. Communication2. Discrimination3. Physical Access
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Communication
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1. Expressive Communication2. Receptive Communication, he could understand and receive information.
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Discrimination
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Based on a person's perspective
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Physical Access
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Architecture of Buildings, etc.
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From the article: Ableism
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Negative views society has on disabilities
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Importance of Diagnosis
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To understand which implications are in place because the disability is present.
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Importance of Families
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Families of people with disabilities have certain needs and accommodations. It changes parenting.
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Cerebral Palsy
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a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movements and muscle coordination....
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Cerebral palsy is characterized by
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an inability to fully control motor function, particularly muscle control and coordination.
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People with cerebral palsy may have one or more of the following
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1. Muscle tightness or spasm2. Involuntary movement3. Disturbance in gait and...
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Spastic Cerebral Palsy
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Stiff and Difficult MovementTHE MOST COMMON (80% of all cases)
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Athetoid Cerebral Palsy
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Involuntary and uncontrolled movement10% of cases
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Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
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Disturbed sense of balance and depth perception.Low muscle tone and poor coordination of movement.
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Mixed Cerebral Palsy
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There may be a combination of these types of cerebral palsy for any one person.
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WHAT IS AN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY?
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Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual...
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IS INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY THE SAME AS DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY?
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Developmental Disabilities is an umbrella term that includes Intellectual Disability but also...
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IS INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY JUST DETERMINED BY AN IQ TEST?
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No. Depends on:community environment typical of the individual’s peers and culturelinguistic...
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WHAT CAUSES INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY?
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There are a number of causes of intellectual disability. Our understanding of the causes of...
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WHAT’S THE MOST MODERN THINKING ABOUT HOW TO HELP PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY?
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AAIDD stresses that the overarching reason for evaluating and classifying individuals with...
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HOW ARE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY DIFFERENT?
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Intellectual Disability is one type of a larger universe of many types of Developmental Disabilities.
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Cognitive Disabilities
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A general term the refers to conditions that cause individuals to have difficulty with mentally...
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Functions that are often effected by cognitive disabilities include:
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1. memory 2. problem solving3. Attention4. Use of language5. Ability to do math6. Comprehension...
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Intellectual Disability
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Causes of mental retardation can occur1. Prenatally2. Perinatally3. Postnatally
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Fragile X
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Most common inherited causeFlat feet, lower earsAttention problems, impulsive behaviorGirls:...
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Down Syndrome
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Most common chromosomal condition
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Identifying Intellectual Disabilities
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o According
to the AAIDD, intellectual disability
Is...
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Physical and Health Disability
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Low Vision, Blindness (Normal vision, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration),...
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Deaf Issues
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Age of onset, Means of communication, Cultural identity, Cochlear implants
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Orthopedic
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CAUSED BY:damage to central nervous systemdamage to or loss of a limb/appendage
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Multiple Sclerosis
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A condition causing degeneration of the central nervous system Progressive (though it...
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Health Disabilities
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Illness or disease that impede operation of various organs CAN BE: Acquired conditions...
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Seizure Disorders
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Caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain TYPES: Generalized tonic seizures...
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Cause of Autism
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While no single specific cause of autism is known, current research links autism to biological...
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Autism Facts
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Autism is the fastest-growing developmental disability in the U.S.The diagnosis rate for autism...
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What is an Autism Spectrum Disorder?
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Autism is a complex neurological disorder affecting individuals in the areas of social interaction...
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Characteristic Behaviors of Autism
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The characterstic behaviors of ASD may or may not be apparent in infancy (18 to 24 months),...
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Pervasive Development Disorders (PDDs)
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is the "umbrella term" for a group of disorders
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Autistic Disorder ("Classic Autism")
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impairments in social interaction, communication, and imaginative play prior to age 3 years....
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Asperger's Disorder
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characterized by impairments in social interactions and the presence of restricted interests...
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Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
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(commonly referred to as atypical autism) a diagnosis of PDD-NOS may be made when a child does...
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Rett's Syndrome
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a syndrome which occurs primarily in females and rarely in males. Period of normal development...
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Childhood Disintegrative Disorder:
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characterized by normal development for at least the first 2 years, significant loss of previously...
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What Causes Autism?
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Autism has no single cause. It was once thought to be a psychological disorder caused by traumatic...
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How Can Autism Be Treated?
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There is currently no cure for autism. However, continued research has provided a clearer understanding...
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Types of Treatment for Autism
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Educational, Biomedical, Speech-language therapy, Communication, Intensive therapies, Sensory...
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Early Intervention Services
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Birth to 3 Years
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Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities
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Have to do with patterns of behaviors that negatively effect a person's ability to function.
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Characteristics of Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities
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Externalized Behaviors and Internalized Behaviors
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Externalized Behaviors
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Things that you see very easily. OVERT. Lying
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Internalized Behaviors
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Withdrawn, Outside behavior seems normal, can have this disability and never be identified,...
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Causes of Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities
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Both physiological and Environmental
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Historical perspective on autism
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1911: First term used in application to adults w/ schizophrenia1843: Leo Kanner frist describes...
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Diagnosing Autism
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Communication: none to sophisticatedEcholalia: repetativeDifficulty understanding nonliteral...
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Autism effects socialism
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Appear unaware of presence of othersLack of joint attention or social referencingShare info...
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Auv
Autism (or Autistic Disorder)
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o Characteristics
include
§
Severely...
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Asperger Syndrome (High Functioning Autism)
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o Usually
identified between ages 5-9
o ...
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Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
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Normal development for up to 5 years followed by loss of skills (receptive and expresseive...
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Rhett syndrome
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genetically transmittedeffects girlsnormal development followed by loss of skills speech,...
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Pervasive Developmental Disorder
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Not otherwise specified Diagnosis used when autistic characteristics are present, but...
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