Hypertension

25 cards

Lecture 30, SFOS, Spring 2009

Created Apr 17, 2009
by aelam6

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	Side A	Side B
1	clinical definition of hypertension	sustained elevation of arterial blood pressure above the level of 140 mmHg systolic and/or...
2	definition and prevalence of secondary hypertension	caused by a known pathophysiological mechanism that raises peripheral resistance, cardiac output,...
3	definition of primary hypertension	hypertension where a pathophysiological mechanism cannot be determine
4	one of the most important examples of secondary hypertension	renal hypertension because 60-90% of all secondary hypertensions fall into this category
5	renal hypertension	hypertension secondary to renal parenchymal or reno-vascular disease which leads to elevated...
6	hypotheses suggesting possible pathophysiological mechanisms of essential hypertension	renal hypothesissalt hypothesisimbalance b/w vasodilators and vasoconstrictors hypothesisgenetic...
7	renal hypothesis	through pressor actions of the renin-angiotensin system: angiotensins lead to elevated TPR...
8	evidence linking salt to hypertension	1. + correlation b/w salt intake and hypertension incidence2. salt elimination by diuretics...
9	prevalence of hypertension	50-55 million
10	possible mechanism for salt increasing arterial BP	increase salt intake/decreased renal salt excretion --> increase in plasma and ECFV --> increase...
11	vasodilator factors	prostacyclin, kinins, EDRF, NO, atrial natriuretic peptide
12	vasoconstrictor factors	thromboxane A2, PGF, endothelin, NaK pump inhibitor
13	mechanism of imbalance b/w vasodilators and vasoconstrictors hypothesis	deficient secretion of the vasodilators and/or increased release of vasoconstrictors
14	genetic hypothesis	BP is a quantitative trait that shows continuous variation in the outbred population; normal...
15	results of animal studies on BP	by breeding high BP rats together and low BP rats together, generating high and low BP lines...
16	population studies supporting hypertension runs in families	higher BP parents have high BP childrenboth parents hypertensive, 50% offspring hypertensiveone...
17	failure of negative feedback mechanisms of sustained elevation of BP	resetting of arterial baroreceptors or urine output-blood pressure relationship
18	other underlying causes of secondary hypertension	primary kidney disease, primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, coarctation of the aorta,...
19	immediate determinants of mean systemic arterial pressure	CO and TPR
20	CO and TPR levels in essential hypertension	CO is normal but TPR is elevated due to the narrowing of resistance vessels
21	effect of elevated BP on blood flow throughout the body	since vasoconstriction is fairly uniform, flow remains fairly constant; exceptions are higher...
22	why is cardiac work increased in hypertension?	heart has to constantly work against elevated TPR
23	effect of increased cardiac work in hypertension on the heart tissue	heart enlarges, first by hypertrophy and then by dilatation; coronary circulation can't keep...
24	venous pressure and resistance, capillary hydrostatic pressure and filtration levels in hypertension	all normal
25	effect of hypertension increasing the intra arterial pressure	hypertrophy of the vascular smooth muscles in arteries, further increasing TPR and hypertension...