Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
Ocelli
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A simple eye or eyespot in many types of invertebrates
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| 2 |
Radial canals
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Canals along the ambulacra radiating the ring canal of echinoderms
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| 3 |
Scyphistoma
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The polyp form of a scyphistoan
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| 4 |
Strobila
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A stage in the development of the scyphozoan jellyfish. It's also the chain of proglottids...
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| 5 |
Ephyra
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A larval jellyfish, after it has separated from the scyphistoma
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| 6 |
Zooxanthilae
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A minute dinoflagellate algae living in the tissues of many marine invertebrates
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| 7 |
Pedalium
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The flattened blade at the base of the tentacles in cubozoan medusae
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| 8 |
Rhopalium
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One of the marginal, club-shaped sense organs of certain jellyfish
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| 9 |
Oral disc
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The end of a cnidarian polyp bearing the mouth
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| 10 |
Siphonoglyph
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Ciliated furrow in the gullet sea anemone
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| 11 |
Hermatypic coral
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Reef-forming coral
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| 12 |
Fringing reef vs. Barrier reef vs. Atoll
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Fringing reef is a type of coral reef close to a landmass having a small/no lagoon between...
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| 13 |
Reef crest vs. Reef flat
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Crest=the sharp break in slope at the sea edge of the reef flat; flat=the horizontal upper...
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| 14 |
Tentacles
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Appendage used for grasping, moving, or bearing sense organs
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| 15 |
Colloblasts
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A glue secreting cell on the tentacles of ctenophores
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| 16 |
Cydippid Larva
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Free swimming larva of most ctenophores
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| 17 |
Pharynx
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The part of the digestive tract between the mouth and the esophagus that is common to both...
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| 18 |
Rhabdites
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Rodlike structures in the cells of the epidermis that are discharged in mucous secretions
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| 19 |
Columnar Epithelium
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Simple columnar epithelium aids in movement of substances and absorption in the intestines;...
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| 20 |
Longitudinal vs. Circular muscles
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Longitudinal=outer layer of smooth muscle; Circular=inner layer of smooth muscle
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| 21 |
Extracellular Digestion
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The organism secretes enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food which is in the digestive...
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| 22 |
Ventral Nerve Cords
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Run along the ventral side of the annelid, serves as an aorta
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| 23 |
Ovary vs. Oviduct vs. Uterus
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Ovary=where eggs are produced; oviduct=where eggs pass through; uterus=where offspring are...
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| 24 |
Vas deferens
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The duct that conveys sperm from testicles to urethra
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| 25 |
Seminal Vesicle
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Produce the fluid that makes up semen
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| 26 |
Miracidium
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Free swimming larval stage in which the fluke passes from egg to first host
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| 27 |
Sporocyst
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The developed miracidium, when the fluke is in the first stage of infection
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| 28 |
Cercariae
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Free swimming larval stage when the fluke passes from host to host, or to the final vertebrate...
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| 29 |
Scolex
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The headlike part of a tapeworm, bearing hooks and suckers by which the animal attaches to...
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| 30 |
Eversible Proboscis
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When you turn your insides out to get food. The inverted proboscis is held by the RHYNCHOCOEL
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| 31 |
Copulatory spicules
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Small needlelike structures such as those of silicate of Ca carbonate that support the soft...
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| 32 |
Microfilariae
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Stage in the life cycle of parasitic nematodes that are partly developed juveniles.
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| 33 |
Corona
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The ciliated disc on the anterior end of rotifers for locomotion
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| 34 |
Pedal glands
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A gland in the foot of snails and slugs (rotifers) that produce mucus
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| 35 |
Flame Bulb
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The terminal part of the flame cell of a protonephridium (for osmoregulation)
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| 36 |
Mastax
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The pharynx equipped with hard jaws (trophy) for sucking in and grinding particles
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| 37 |
Parthenogenesis
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Unisexual reproduction involving the production of young by females that aren't fertilized...
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| 38 |
Amictic vs. Mictic eggs
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Amictic=diploid eggs that can't be fertilized; mictic=haploid eggs
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| 39 |
Visceral Mass
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In mollusks; a region of the body that contains most digestive, nervous, and excretory systems....
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Radula
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Tongue in most mollusks
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| 41 |
Arteries vs. Veins vs. Capillaries
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Arteries=away from heart; veins=to the heart; capillaries=connect arteries and veins
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| 42 |
Coiling
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How mollusk shells grow. Usually dextral (right handed), but sometimes sinister (left handed)
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| 43 |
Conotoxin
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Neurotoxin peptide from the venom of the marine cone shell. One of the most potent and diverse...
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| 44 |
Siphon
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Tube like structures that water flow through for locomotion, feeding, respiration, and reproduction
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| 45 |
Boring Bivalves
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Bivalves that penetrate solid substrate
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| 46 |
Aperture
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The opening into the first whirl of a gastropod snail
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| 47 |
Cerata
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Dorsal processes on aeolid nudibranch for gaseous exchange
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| 48 |
Metamerism
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Segmented body, found in Phylum Annelida
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| 49 |
What is the first and last segment of an annelid called?
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The first segment is called the prostomium (head/mouth/sensory organs). The last segment is...
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| 50 |
What is the function of nephridia?
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Tubules specialized for excretion/osmoregulation
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| 51 |
What are parapodia and what class /phylum have them?
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Pair of lateral feel in polychaete annelids
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| 52 |
How do Earthworms move?
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Earthworms move by peristalsis, which is the alternating relaxations and contractions of longitudinal...
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| 53 |
What are reflex arcs and do Earthworms have them?
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Reflex arcs refer to when the sensory neuron sends information to the interneuron (in the CNS),...
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| 54 |
What are setae and where are they found in oligochaetes vs. polychaetes? Can Earthworms regenerate...
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Setae attach to the surface and prevent backsliding during peristaltic motion in annelids....
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| 55 |
What do sedentary polychaetes feed on? Errant polychaetes?
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Sedentary polychaetes are filter feeders, and eat microorganisms and zoo/phytoplankton in the...
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| 56 |
Describe the life cycle of an earthworm such as Lumbricus.
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They are monoecious, so they make sperm and eggs, and have a cocoon with eggs. They have direct...
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| 57 |
What is the importance of Hirudo medicinalis to medicine? What molecules are found in leech...
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It's important for bloodletting. In more modern medicine they are used on severed appendages...
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| 58 |
How many segments does a leech possess?
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33-34 segments
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| 59 |
How does the parchment tube worm Chaetopterus feed and what does it eat?
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It feeds by pumping water into its U-shaped burrow using a mucus lined food sack to filter...
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| 60 |
How does the clam worm Nereis eat and what does it eat?
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They seize food with chitonous jaw when the pharynx is everted. The food is swallowed when...
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| 61 |
Mesenteries
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Mesodermal epithelium forming dosal/ventral lining that cover all organs
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| 62 |
Septa
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Adjacent segments meet internally to form septa
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| 63 |
Parapodia vs. Setae
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Parapodia=paired appendages on most segments of a polychaete worm; setae=tiny bristles that...
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| 64 |
Hemoglobin
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Carries oxygen to organs/cells
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| 65 |
Aortic Arches/Dorsal Hearts
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Maintain steady pressure of blood in the ventral vessel
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| 66 |
Crop vs. Gizzard
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Crop=short term food storage; gizzard=grinds food into small pieces
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| 67 |
Small Intestine
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Where digestion and absorption occur
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| 68 |
Clitellum
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Reproductive structure on annelids' the bump on the Earthworm that secretes mucus...
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Cerebral Ganglia
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Annelid "brain" found in head region
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| 70 |
Can cnidaria possess ciliated cells? Give an example of a ciliated cnidarian structure.
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Yes; for example, the ciliated planular larvae in the Aurelia aurita life cycle
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| 71 |
What is a neuromuscular system?
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The sensory nerve cell net combination with contractile fibers of epitheliomuscular cells
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| 72 |
How does an incomplete digestive system differ from a complete one?
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An incomplete digestive tract has only one opening and they digest/egest through the mouth;...
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| 73 |
How does a closed circulatory system differ from an open one?
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A closed circulatory system has blood flowing through vessels at all times, but the tissues...
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| 74 |
What are the differences between cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles?
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Cardiac is uninucleate, posses intercalated discs, is involuntary, and striated; smooth are...
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| 75 |
What are some characteristics of Class Polychaete, and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Annelida: Polychaetes possess parapodia and many setae, distinct head/eyes, no clitellum,...
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What are some characteristics of Class Clitella (subclass Oligochaete and Hirudinea), and what...
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Phylum Annelida: Clitella posses clitellum. Oligochaetes have few setae, no parapodiua, and...
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| 77 |
What are some characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes?
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Longitudinal and circular muscles, acoelomate, incomplete digestion, and monoecious. Includes...
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| 78 |
What are characteristics of Class Turbellaria and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Platyhelminthes: free living with eye spots, no hooks or suckers.
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| 79 |
What are characteristics of Class Trematoda and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Platyheminthes: internal parasites with oral/ventral suckers (Flukes!)
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| 80 |
What are characteristic of Class Cestoda and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Platyhelminthes: internal parasites with hooks/suckers on scolex, have proglottids....
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| 81 |
What are characteristics of Class Monoplacophora and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Mollusca: single dome shell, 3-6 pairs of gills, radula, dioecious, shallow mantle
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What are characteristics of Class Polyplacophora and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Mollusca: 8 dorsal plates, radula, multiple gills, body between foot and mantle, dioecious
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| 83 |
What are characteristics of Class Scaphopoda and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Mollusca: tusk shells, conical foot, mouth with radula and tentacles, no head, dioecious
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| 84 |
What are characteristics of Class Gastropoda and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Mollusca: asymmetrical body, radula, large flat foot, filled or cutaneous respiration,...
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| 85 |
What are characteristics of Class Bivalvia and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Mollusca: 2 lobed mantle, reduced cephalization, shell has 2 valves, no radula, wedge...
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| 86 |
What are characteristics of Class Cephalopoda and what phylum are they in?
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Phylum Mollusca: reduced/no shell, well developed head with eyes/radula, foot=tentacles/arms,...
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| 87 |
What is color? Why is it important?
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The visual our eye perceives from reflected light. All objects absorb visible light and reflect...
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