Flashcard Set Preview
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Psychodynamic Theory
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Freud: Postulates the existence of unconscious internal states that motivate the overt actions...
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2 subsystems of the superego
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A system of right and wrong is substituted for parental punishment and reward: 1. The conscience...
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Instinct
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An innate psychological representation of a bodily excitation. 2 types: 1. Eros (life), and...
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Defense mechanisms: 2 common characteristics
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1. deny, falsify, or distort reality, 2. operate unconsciously
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Types of defense mechanisms
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Repression, suppression, projection, reaction formation, rationalization, regression, sublimation,...
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Carl Jung
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Ego is the conscious mind. Unconscious mind divided into 2 parts: the personal unconscious...
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Archetype
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Thought or image that has an emotional element. Major Jungian archetypes include: the persona...
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Extroversion and Introversion
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Jung: Extroversion is an orientation toward the external, objective world. Introversion is...
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4 psychological functions
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Jung: thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting. Typically, one of those 4 is more differentiated...
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Alfred Adler
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Inferiority complex: the individual's sense of incompleteness, sense of imperfection, physical...
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Creative self and Style of life
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Adler: The creative self is the force by which each individual shapes his or her uniqueness...
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Fictional finalism
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Adler: an individual is motivated more by his or her expectations of the future than...
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Karen Horney
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The neurotic personality is governed by one of ten needs. Each of these needs is directed toward...
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Ego psychology
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Anna Freud: psychoanalytic theory could profit from more direct investigation of the continuous...
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Object-Relations theory
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Object refers to the symbolic representation of a significant part of the young child's personality....
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Psychoanalytic treatment
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Hypnosis, free association, dream interpretation, resistance, transference, countertransference.
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Behaviourism
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Behaviour is learned as people interact with their environment.
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Dollard and Miller
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Blended some psychoanalytic concepts in a behavioural stimulus-response reinforcement learning...
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Skinner
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Personality is a collection of behaviour that happens to have been sufficiently reinforced...
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Bandura
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Learning principles are sufficient to account for personality development. The basis of his...
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Seligman
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Learned Helplessness: Animals placed in aversive situations that they cannot escape eventually...
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Behaviour therapy
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Behaviourists view maladjustment and abnormal behaviour as learned through interactions between...
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CBT
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Change and restructure distorted thinking and irrational thoughts. Beck's cognitive therapy...
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Humanism
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Emphasize internal processes rather than overt behaviour. Things that distinguish us from animals.
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Kurt Lewin
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Field theory: personality is dynamic and constantly changing. Personality can be divided up...
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Maslow
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Hierarchy of human needs: basic -> complex: physiological -> safety -> belonging and...
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George Kelly
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Individual as a scientist: a person who devises and tests predictions about the behaviour of...
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Humaninst-existential theories
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Emphasize the process of finding meaning in one's life by making own choices. Mental disorders...
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Carl Rogers
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Client-centered therapy: people have the freedom to control their own behaviour, and are neither...
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Victor Frankl
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Mental illness and maladjustment stems from a life of meaninglessness.
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Type A personality
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Competitive and compulsive. More prone to heart disease. Most prevalent among middle and upper...
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Type B personality
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Laid-back and relaxed
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Raymond Cattell
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Factor analysis to measure personality in a more comprehensive way, attempting to account for...
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Hans Eysenck
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Factor analysis, determined that the broad dimensions of personality were types (called superordinate...
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Gordon Allport
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3 basic types of traits or dispositions: 1. cardinal, 2. central, and 3. secondary.
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Functional autonomy
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Allport: a given activity or form of behaviour may become an end or goal in itself, regardless...
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Idiographic vs nomothetic
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Allport: Idiographic approach to studying personality focuses on individual case studies, while...
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Julian Rotter
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Internal locus of control: believe that they can control their own destiny. External: outside...
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Machiavellianism
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Manipulative and deceitful.
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Androgyny
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Sandra Bem: simultaneously very masculine and very feminine
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Walter Mischel
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Human behaviour is largely determined by the characteristics of the situation rather than of...
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