Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
What are the 3 principles of Dalton?
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1) Atoms of different elements
have different properties
2) Law of definite proportion...
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| 2 |
What was the problem with Dalton's atomic theory
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1) he said atoms cannot be divided, but they can - electrons, neutrons and protons2) he said...
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| 3 |
Explain what thompson found and how?
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Thompson used a cathode ray tube and found that the positive ray was attracted towards the...
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What did milikins oil drop experiment find?
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It was an experiment that helped to determine the size and charge on an electron, the charge...
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What did rutherford do?
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He did the gold foil experiment, he shot positive particles at a gold foil, expecting them...
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What did Chadwick discover?
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He was calculating the mass of a specific nuclei, and the mass the got didn't match with the...
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| 7 |
What were problems with the rutherford model?
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if electrons are travelling in a circular orbit, they are constantly changing direction, meaning...
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| 8 |
What was the significance of Max Plank?
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He suggested that energies of vibrating atoms were multiples of small quantities of energy...
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| 9 |
Explain the connection between the atoms energy and how hot it is
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When an atom releases energy, it does it in a form of light, the hotter the atom, the smaller...
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| 10 |
What is the photoelectric effect?
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When there is light shone on a metal surface, electrons release from the surface of the metal,...
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| 11 |
What did Einstein win a nobel prize for? ( 2+2)
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He put planck's idea together with the photoelectric effect. So if one electron absorbs one...
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| 12 |
What is a photon?
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A photon is a packet of energy that corresponds to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave....
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| 13 |
What is spectrosopy and who was it invented by?
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Spectroscopy was invented by Robert Bunsen and Gustev Kirchhoff in the 1850s to study light....
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| 14 |
What is a continous spectrum?
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A display of all colours- dispersion (refraction) of white light through a prism
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| 15 |
What is a dark line spectrum?
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Certain colours are missing from a display of colours produced by white light. Phonton absorbed...
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| 16 |
What is a bright line spectrum?
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when gas is energised by electricity or heat or light, the gas emits a specific light colour...
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| 17 |
How do electrons travel in an atom and how much energy in each orbit?
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Electrons travel in circular orbits, each orbit will have the same amount of energy that is...
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| 18 |
What are electrons called when they are in the lowest energy level?
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Ground state
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| 19 |
What are the problems with the planetary model?
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1) if electrons are accelerating, photons of electromagnetic radiation should be emiited, but...
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| 20 |
What are the names of the 4 quantum numbers?
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1) Principle quantum number2) Secondary quantum number 3) Magnetic quantum number4) Spin quantum...
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| 21 |
What does each quantum number represent
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1) Principle represents main energy level2) Secondary represents the shape of the orbital3)...
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| 22 |
What did sommerfield contribute to the quantum numbers?
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When he looked more closely at the H line spectrum, he found main lines of bright line...
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| 23 |
What did pauli contribute to the quantum numbers and what is his exclusion principle?
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He saw that each electron spins on its axis either clockwise or counterclockwise. He also said...
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| 24 |
Explain difference between orbital and orbit
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- Orbit is 2D, where electrons have a specific path, fixed distance from nucleus, and 2n^2...
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| 25 |
What is an electron orbital?
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Region of space where an electron may be found
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| 26 |
What is Heisenberg's contribution to quantum numbers?
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Heisenberg's uncertainty principle- we cannot know where an electron is or its speed at any...
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| 27 |
What is Aufbau principle?
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An energy level must be filled before moving on the next level
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| 28 |
What is Hund's rule?
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Each orbital at the same energy level must have one, before doubling up
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| 29 |
Electron Configuration for Se
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1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6. 4s2, 3d10, 4p4
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| 30 |
Short hand configuration for Br
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[Ar] 4s2, 3d10, 4p5
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