Geology Test 2

65 cards

These are the notes frrom class put into a note card type format.

Created Nov 9, 2009
by ktarpey

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	Side A	Side B
1	Relative Age	The order of events from first (oldest) to last (youngest)
2	Numerical Age	The age of events or objects, expresed as a number or numbers
3	Contacts	Surfaces separating successive rock layers
4	Formations	bodies of rock of considerable thickness with recognizable characterisics allowing them to...
5	Original horizontally	beds of sediment deposited in water are inititially formed as horizontal layers
6	Superposition	within an undistrbed sequence of sedimentary or volcanic rocks, layers get younger from bottom...
7	lateral continuity	original horizontal layers extends laterally until it tapesr or thins at edges
8	cross-cutting relationships	a disrupted pattern is older than the cause of the disruption - intrusions and faults are...
9	Baked Contacts	contacts between igneous intrusions and surrounding rocks, where surrounding rocks have experienced...
10	Inclusions	Fragments embedded in host rock are older than the host rock
11	Unconformity	a surface that represents a gap in the geologic period
12	3 types of unconformities	1. disconformity 2. angular 3. nonconformity
13	Disconformity	an uncomformity in which the contact representing missing rock layers separates beds that are...
14	Angular Unconformtiy	an unconformity in which the contact separates overlying younger layers from eroded titilated...
15	nonconformity	an unconformity in which an erosional surfaceon plutonic metamorphic rock has been covered...
16	Correlation	Determining the time-equivalency or rock unites
17	Physical Continuity	-Physically tracing a continuous exposure of a rock unit -GREAT ex- the grand canyon
18	Standard Geologic Time Scale	-worldwide relative time scale -subdivides geologic time based on fossil assemblages -divided...
19	Precambrian Era	vast amount of time prior to the Paleozoic era; few fossils preserved
20	Paleozoic Era	"old life" -apperance of complex life
21	Mesozoic Era	"middle life" -dinasours abundant on land -period ended by mass extinction
22	Cenozoic Era	"new life" -mammals and birds -we live in this era
23	What time is it RIGHT NOW?	cenozoic era Holocene Epoch Quaternary Period
24	Numerical Dating	Putting absolute values on the ages of rocks and geologic time periods
25	What does Radiometric dating give us?	Numerical time brackets for events with known relative ages
26	What is the most important geologic agent in erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediment?	Running Water
27	Hydrocycle	The movement and interchange of water between sea, land, and air
28	Evaporation	solar radiation providing energy
29	Precipitation	Rain or snow
30	Transpiration	Evaporation from plants
31	Runoff	water flowing over land surface
32	infiltration	water soaking into the ground (ground water)
33	Stream	A body of running water, confined to a channel, that runs downhill under the influence of gravity
34	Headwaters (stream)	The upper part of the stream near its source in the mountains
35	Mouth (Stream)	Place where a stream enters a sea, lake, or larger stream
36	Channel (stream)	a long, narrow depression eroded by a stream into rock or sediment
37	Stream banks	The side of a channel
38	Streambed	the bottom of a channel -flat valley floor composed of sediment deposited by the stream
39	Sheetwash	Unchanneled water flowing downhill from a stream
40	Drainage Basin	the total area drained by a stream and its tributaries
41	tributary	a small stream flowing into a larger one
42	Divide	ridge or high ground that divides one drainage basin from another
43	Continental Divide	Separates streams that flow into the pacific ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic and...
44	Drainage Pattern	The arrangement, in map view, of stream and tis tribtaries
45	Dendritic	A stream drainage pattern that resembles the branches of a tree
46	Radial	A stream drainage pattern in which streams diverge outward like spokes on a wheel
47	Rectangular Pattern	A stream draiage Pattern where tributaries have 90 deg angle bends and join ohter streams at...
48	Trellis Pattern	A stream drainage pattern where parallel streams with short tributaries meeting at right angles
49	Deranged Pattern	A stream drainage pattern that has areas that have experienced continental glaciation -very...
50	What controls stream velocity?	stream gradient, channel shape and channel roughness
51	Where is the maximum velocity of a stream	Center
52	Stream Gradient	downhill slope of the streambed -usually decreases downstream
53	Stream Discharge	the volume of water flowing past a given point in a unit of time
54	What is the equation for stream discharge?	Q=VA= width x depth x velocity
55	What are the three mechanisms that lead to stream erosion?	1. Hydraulic Action 2. Solution 3. Abrasion
56	Hydraulic Action	Ability of flowing water topick up and move rock sediment
57	Solution	Dissolving of rocks
58	Abrasion	Grinding away of stream channel by the friction and impact of the sediment load
59	Potholes are formed in streams by....	eroded into streams by the abrasive action of the sediment in the stream
60	What are the 3 types of sediment loads	1. bed load 2. suspended load 3. dissolved load
61	Bed Load	large or heavy particles taht travel on teh streambed -traction load -saltation load
62	traction load	large particlesthat travel along the streambed by rolling, sliding, or dragging
63	Saltation Load	medium particles that travel downstream by bouncing along -sometimes they are in contact with...
64	Suspended Load	sediment that is small and light enough to remain above the stream bottom by turbulent flow...
65	dissolved load	dissolved ions produced by chemical weathering fo soluble minerals upstream