Flashcard Set Preview
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Aphanitic texture
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From the Greek word for "invisible", aphanitic textured rocks generally have a fine-grained...
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Phaneritic texture
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Rocks comprised of visible crystals; coarse-grained with grain sizes between 1 and 10mm.
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Pegmatitic texture
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VERY coarse grained crystal texture, greater than 1 cm.
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Porphyritic texture
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Large crystals ("phenocrysts") and smaller crystals ("groundmass" or "matrix") are mixed together....
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Pyroclastic texture
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Includes tuff (volcanic ash) and "volcanic breccia" which is made chiefly of cinders and volcanic...
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Describe: |
DioriteTexture: PhanerticComposition: IntermediateAbout half light and half dark colored crystals.
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Describe: |
Pegmatitic GraniteTexture: PegmatiticComposition: FelsicVery large crystals, in our samples...
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Describe: |
Granite Texture: PhaneriticComposition: FelsicCrystals are visible, but are quite small.
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Describe: |
ScoriaTexture: VesicularComposition: MaficResembles a sponge, in our samples the holes (vesicles)...
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Describe: |
PumiceTexture: VesicularComposition: Felsic to IntermediateVery small vesicles, can be difficult...
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Describe: |
ObsidianTexture: GlassyComposition: Felsic to Mafic, Dark ColoredDistinct glassy texture.
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Describe: |
Rhyolite Texture: AphaniticComposition: Felsic
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Describe: |
Peridotite Texture: PhaneriticComposition: UltramaficGreen color due to large amounts...
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Describe: |
Volcanic Tuff Texture: PyroclasticComposition: Felsic to MaficMay appear to be Vesicular,...
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Describe: |
Gabbro Texture: PhaneriticComposition: MaficCrystals visible
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Describe: |
Vesicular Basalt Texture: VesicularComposition: MaficOur samples tend to have larger vesicles...
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Describe: |
BasaltTexture: AphaniticComposition: MaficCan not see crystals, dark grey to black color.
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Describe: |
(Porphyritic) AndesiteTexture: Porphyritic or AphaniticComposition: IntermediateLight gray...
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Intrusive
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Rocks that formed by magma "intruding" into Earth's crust and then cooling there.
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Extrusive
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Igneous rocks which "extrude" and cool on Earth's surface.
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Magma
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Molten rock which sits beneath Earth's surface at high temperatures. Forms in the Earth's crust...
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Lava
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Extrusive magma that bubbles up from below through a process similar to carbonation being let...
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Felsic
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Light colored minerals with 1-15% mafic crystals, including Quartz, Plagioclase Feldspar, Potassium...
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Intermediate
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Light to dark colored minerals which contain 16-45% mafic crystals, including Plagioclase Feldspar.
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Mafic
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Dark colored minerals containing 46-85% mafic crystals, including Biotite mica, Amphibole,...
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Ultramafic
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Extremely dark minerals containing more than 85-100% mafic crystals including Olivene. Mantle...
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Glassy texture
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Evidence of rapid cooling and/or very poor nucleation.
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Vesicular texture (like meringue)
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Evidence of rapid cooling of gas-charged lava.
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Vesicular texture (with bubbles)
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Evidence of gas bubbles in the lava when it cooled.
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Texture
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A description of a rock's constituent parts and their sizes, shapes, and arrangements.
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Bowen's Reaction Series
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Lab experiments composed by American geologist Norman L. Bowen during the early 1900s which...
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What are the types of boundaries where each rock type might occur?
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Sedimentary-transformIgneous-convergentmetamorphic-divergent, convergent, transform
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Aqueous solutions
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Mixtures of water and other chemicals formed by the dissolution and chemical decay of rocky...
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Sedimentary rocks
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Form when sediments are compressed together or otherwise hardened or when masses of intergrown...
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Wentworth Classes
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Named after C.K. Wentworth, an American geologist who devised the scale in 1922, the Wentworth...
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Composition
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A description of the kinds and abundances of grains that comprise a sedimentary rock.
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Crystalline texture
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Sedimentary rocks that form when crystals precipitate from aqueous solutions have a crystalline...
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Microcrystalline texture
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Sedimentary rocks with crystals too small to identify.
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Biochemical (Bioclastic) sediments
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sediments and rocks which are comprised mostly of the remains of organisms such as shells,...
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Chemical sediments
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sediments and rocks comprised mostly of intergrown mineral crystals precipitated from aqueous...
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Detrital (siliciclastic) sediments
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Latin for "rubbing" or "wearing away", Detrital sediments and rocks form from worn rock fragments...
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Compacted
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Pressure0hardened
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Cemented
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Glued together by tiny crystals or chemical residues precipitated from fluids in the pores...
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Steps to identifying a Sedimentary rock:
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Composition (bioclastic, chemical or detrital)TextureColorOriginCan't Take Crayons Outside
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