Geography Test 3

116 cards

Geography on Latin Am

Created Apr 12, 2010
by ddupre5

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	Side A	Side B
1	Popular but controversial strategy to redistribute land to peasant farmers	Argrarian reform
2	Largest intermontane plateau in the Andes, which straddles Peru and Bolivia and ranges in elevation...	Altiplano
3	Relationship between higher elevations, cooler temperatures, and canges in vegetation that...	Altitudinal zonation
4	Environemental lapse rate	Average 3.5*F for every 1,000 ft
5	Four altitudinal zones in Latin America	Tierra Caliente Tierra Templada Tierra Fria Tierra Helada
6	2004 free trade agreement between US and five Central American countries	Central American Free Trade Association (CAFTA)
7	Five countries involved in CAFTA	Guatemala Nicaragua El Salvador Honduras Costa Rica (+ Dominican Republic)
8	Exchange of people, disease, plants. and animals between the Americas and Europe/Africa initiated...	Columbian exchange
9	Popular theory of economic development in Latin America	Dependency theory
10	Underdevelopment was created by expansion of European capitalism into regions that served to...	Dependency theory
11	Economic strategy in which a country adopts the US dollar as its official currency	Dollarization
12	Which country became fully dollarized in 1904? 2000?	Panama Ecuador
13	Abnormally large warm current that appears off the coast of Ecuador and Peru in December	El Nino
14	Torrential rains bring devastating floods along the Pacific coast and drought conditions in...	during El Nino years
15	Decline in temperature as one ascends higher in the atmosphere	Environmental lapse rate
16	International certification movement to identify primary commodities exported from the developing...	Fair Trade
17	What commodities are considered "Fair Trade" when small-scale producers earn more for their...	Coffee Tea Forest product
18	Conversion of tropical forest into pasture for cattle ranching	Grassification
19	Much-debated concept that presupposes a dual economic system consisting of formal and informal...	Informal Sectoring
20	Includes self-employed, low-wage jobs that are usually unregulated and untaxed like street...	Informal sectore
21	Large estate or landholding	Latifundia
22	Assembly plants on the Mexican border built by foreign capital, with most of their products...	Maquiladora
23	Urban conglomerations of more than 10 million people	Megacity
24	Southern Common Market established in 1991 that calls for free trade among member states and...	Mercosur
25	Members of Mercosur	Argentina Paragua Brazil Uruguay Chile is an associate member
26	Person of mixed European and Indian ancestry	Mestizo
27	Small landholding farmed by peasants or tenants who produce food for subsistence and the market	Minifundia
28	Economic policies widely adopted in the 1990s that stress privatization, export production,...	Neoliberal policies
29	Founded in 1948 and headquarted in Washingtion DC, the organization advocates hemespheric cooperation...	Organization of American States (OAS)
30	Business practice that transfers portions of a company's production and service activities...	Outsourcing
31	Money sent by immigrants to their country of origin to support family members left behing	Remittances
32	The flow of internal immigrants from rural areas to cities, that began in the 1950 and intensiified...	Rural-to-urban migration
33	Large upland areas of very old exposed rock that range in elevation from 600 to 5,000 ft	Shields
34	What are the three major shields in South America?	Guiana Brazilian Patagonian
35	Agricultural system in which plots of land are farmed and then abandoned for a number of years ...	Shifting cultivation
36	Form of cultivation in which forested or brushy plots are cleared of vegetation, burned, and...	Swidden agriculture
37	Groups that form along ethnic, ideological, or territorial lines that can induce serious internal...	Subnational organization
38	Governing bodies that include several states, such as trade organizations, and often involve...	Supranational organization
39	Blending of different belief systems; for example, in Latin American many animist practices...	Syncretic religions
40	Ability to straddle livelihoods between two countries	Transnationalism
41	Treaty signed in 1494 between Spain and Portugal that drew a noth-south line some 300 leagues...	Treaty of Tordesillas
42	State in which a disproportionately large city, such as London, New York, or Bangkok, dominates...	Urban primacy
43	What are the geographic boundaries of South America?	Countries from Panama (Darien Gap) south to Tierra Del Fuego
44	What are the geographic boundaries of Central America?	Guatemala and Belize south to Columbia (Darien Gap)
45	How did this region come to be termed Latin America?	Spanish and Portuguese are derivatives of Latin
46	Spains colonial legacy used since te mid 20th century	"Spanish America"
47	Spain and Portugals colonial legacy. used since mid 20th century	"Ibero America"
48	Largest river system in the world by volume and area and the second largest in length	Amazon
49	Largest city in the Amazon Basin which averages 100 in of rainfall per year	Belem
50	What percent of all freshwater discharged into the oceans comes from the Amazon?	20%
51	The largest dam in Latin America which block the Parana River on the border between Paraguay...	Itaipu Dam
52	The Parana basalt plateau is located where and is celebrated for its what?	Southern end of the Brazilian shield terra roxa (red soils)
53	Mountain range that begins in northwest Venezuela and stretch south to Tierra Del Feugo	Andes Mountains
54	How long are the Andes?	5,000 miles
55	Two high altitude lakes located in the Altiplano	Titicaca on the border of Peru and Bolivia Poopo in Bolivia
56	What is located at the southern edge of the Central Plateau of Mexico, cradle of Aztec civilization...	Valley of Mexico
57	Problems that harm Mexico City in the Valley of Mexico	Air quality Adequate water Subsidence (soil sinkage)
58	Found in Mexico City, where layer of warm air traps exhaust, industrial smoke, garbage, and...	thermal inversion
59	Chain of around 40 volcanoes that stretches from Guatemala to Costa Rica	Volcanic Axis of Central America
60	Most of Central America's population is concentrated here	Volcanic axis of Central America
61	What two lakes are found in a rift east of volcanic axis of Central America?	Managua Nicaragua
62	Largest lake in Central America	Nicaragua
63	When was the Isthmus of Panama formed?	4 million years ago due to tectonic activity
64	When did the US complete the Panama Canal?	1914
65	When did Panama gain possession of the Panama Canal?	1999
66	Distribution trends in Mexico and Central America and Why?	Dense interiors Due to agriculture in rich volcanic soils
67	Dstirbution trens in South America and Why?	Dese coasts Rainforests inaccessible Plantation labor on coast
68	Which four countries account for over 70% of the region's population?	Brazil (190 Million) Mexico (107 Million) Colombia (46 Million) Argentina (39 Million)
69	Which gender was more regularly found in rural-to-urban migration?	Women
70	Examples of primate cities	Lima Caracas Guatemala City Santiago BA Mexico City
71	Which city is considered the "green city" of Brazil and Why?	Curitiba Drainage canals Public transportation Recycling program
72	In what city was there a huge gas pipe explosion which was a huge deal?	Sao Paolo
73	First residential zone radiating out from the central business district?	Zone of Maturity
74	Further zone from the central business district	Zone of Situ Accretion
75	What characterizes the Zone of Situ Accretion?	Working-class housing Constant construction/ improvement
76	Newer commercial and business strip that extends from the colonial core to newer parts of the...	Elite spine
77	Extension of central business district with most urban ammenities (boulevards, parks, high-end...	Elite sector
78	Makeshift housing communities of the urban poor located on the urban periphery	Squatter settlements
79	What fraction of regional urban population lives in squatter settlements?	Nearly 1/3
80	Where were the Mayans located?	Southern Mexico Guatemala Belize El Salvador Honduras
81	What impressive things did the Mayans develop?	Calendar City-state political system Written language
82	What led to the Mayans demise but never completely wiped out the civilization?	Disease
83	Where were the Aztecs located?	Central Mexico
84	When did the Aztec Empire fall?	1521 to the Spanish
85	What was the capitol city of the Aztecs and what city is now located there?	Tenochtitlan Mexico City
86	Empire known for human sacrifices to their gods	Aztecs
87	What Mayan city flourished in the lowland forests of the Peten?	Tikal
88	Where the Incas mainly located?	Bolivia
89	Core of the Incan Empire that was nearly leveled by the Spanish	Cuzco
90	Unknown to most of the worl until archaelogist Hiram Bingham investigated the site in the early...	Machu Pichu
91	Brazilian term of mixed descent	Mestico
92	Having a mixed ancestry of European and African	Mulato
93	Blending of two or more cultures which produces a syneretic third culture that exhibits traits...	cultural syncretism
94	A dark-skinned virgin seen by an Indian shepherd boy in the sixteenth century who became the...	Virgin of Guadalupe
95	Festival indigenous to Mexico	Day of the Dead
96	Afro-Brazilian religion possibly brought by slaves to Latin America	Candomble
97	Person who becomes familiar after falling victim to a magicians spell by having a black magic...	Umbanda
98	Three day carnival that combines Christian beliefs with pagan influences and is an important...	Reign of Momo
99	Marked by self-employed, low wage workers who were unregulated and untaxed	Informal economy
100	Marked by government sanctioned employment and taxes	Formal economy
101	Latin America is the world's most _______ region?	Unequal
102	Large estate or ranch	Hacienda
103	Grown in Eastern Andes, Colombia, and Peru and was used for energy and in Aymara and Quechua...	Cocoa
104	Who wants to make cocoa legal understanding it doesn't have to be used for cocaine?	Evo Morales
105	Outspoken champion of neoliberalism	Chile
106	Loaning institutions to developing countries with lending programs base on neoliberal market...	Internationa Monetary Fund / World Bank
107	Market-based economy with targeted social spending	Moderated capitalism
108	Conditional cash transfer program in Brazil that incentivizes parents to keep their kids in...	Bolsa Familia
109	Question about remittances	Whether they help sustain economy or are a last resort
110	Most hacienda were located where?	very rural areas not fertile or easily cultivated just enough to get by
111	Where were the plantation land systems located?	northern Brazil
112	OAS dates all the way back to when	1889
113	Rebellion that began in 1994 in Chiapas the day NAFTA took effect	Zapatistas
114	Rebellion that was a reaction to Globalization	Zapatistas
115	In 2004, angry Amerindians set up road blocks which cut supplies off going to La Paz causing...	Evo Borales
116	First woman to be elected president in South America	Michele Bachelet

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Geography Test 3

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