Flashcard Set Preview
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Glacierstwo types?
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A large mass of perennial ice resting on land or floating on waterAlpine Glaciers on mountains...
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When and how to glaciers formHow do they move
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when snow accumulation>snow melt, compaction and pressure increases with depth, increasing...
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Alpine glaciersContinental
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narrow and thin and there are four types: valley, cirque, piedmont and tidewaterunconfined...
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Valley glaciersCirque Glaciers
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Rivers of ice confined in valleys which transport debris downstreambowl shaped pit located...
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Piedmont GlaciersTide Water
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Glaciers formed by coalescing valley glaciersglaciers which end in a body of water
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Ice SheetsIce caps
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Most extensive form (50,000km2 in area) Round domes that cover peaks
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Ice fieldsIce shelvesice front
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Not enough ice to cover peaks and does not form domeice sheet attached to land, extends over...
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Conversion of snow to iceFirn
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fresh snow doesnt have a lot of density, over time porosity decreases and density increases,...
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Accumulation zoneEquilibrium lineAblation Zone
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upper part of glacier where accumulation>abalationseparates two zonesabalation>accumulation...
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Glacier mass balanceWhy do Glaciers move?
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Change in mass of glacier over time= total accumulation-ablationWeight and flow
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WeightFlow
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ice at depth is under a lot of pressure which forces ice to spread outice is slippery and flows...
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What does glacier velocity depend onin general what is glacier velocity like
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distance from bed and valley, steepness and free water at the bed providing lubricationfaster...
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Supraglacial meltwaterMoulin
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water flow on top of glaciersupraglacial melts a vertical tunnel through ice
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Subglacial meltwaterWhat are the functions
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water below the glacier generated in two ways: at the surface and flows through moulin or tunnels...
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Ice pluckingPlucking
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a way erosion can take place where the glacier acts as a bulldozer capable of pushing a limited...
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AbrasionEvidence of Abrasion
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Rocks held by ice scrape and grind over bedrockpolish, striations, grooves
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Factors which influence abrasion
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Amount of debris, basal sliding velocity, ice thickness , hardness of bedrock, basal water...
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Cirquearete
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semi-circular shaped bedrock formed when glacier scours back to mountainsharp-edged bed rock...
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ColHorn
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low areas or passes that once had glaciers on either sideThree or more cirques adjacent to...
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TarneWhat does the shape of a cirque depend on
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A small lake that occupies a rock basin in a circque or glacial trough-shape before-level of...
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U-shaped trough fjord
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formed by glacier that has retreated and could be occupied by streams or lakes but also alluvium...
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What do glaciers move
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loose fragmented rock: either eroded or deposited by glacial advancesRocks that fall-in from...
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What is some evidence of glaciation
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striations, polished bedrock, erratic: different sized boulders and different rock than surrounding,...
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Lodgement tillAblation till
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deposited under the ice consisting of clay and is compacted by ice on topDeposited in front...
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Moraineground moraine
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glacially-deposited sediment piles or landformsdeposited under the glacier
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lateral moraineMedial moraine
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pile-up along side glaciermaterial in middle of glacier (two laterals come together)
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End morainerecessional moraine
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occurs at the ice front marks the farthest advance of the glacierslow retreat of terminus leaves
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Drumlin
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Depositional feature of moving ice which is a low oval hill made of tillupstream side is steep,...
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ESker
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depositional feature of stagnant ice which is a narrow ridge of coarse sand and gravel formed...
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KettleKame
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steep-sided hole formed by gradual melting of an ice block left behindany stratified ice deposit,...
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OutwashIce contacted stratified drift
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depositional plain of stratified driftdeposited by meltwater in contact with ice
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roche mountonnees
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striated on the stoss (up side) and plucked on the leeward side
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Peri-glacial
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climate and geomorphology of cold regions. Lanscapes along the margins of past and present...
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Frost actionFrost heavingFrost thrusting
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as water expands when it freezes it breaks a part rock and soilvertical movement of rock and...
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PermafrostContinuousDiscontinuous
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ground frozen for more than two yearsall areas frozen except under rivers and lakesslopes facing...
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Active layertalik
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Seasonally unfrozena pocket or region within a permafrost which is unfrozen
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Patterned groundIce Wedges
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Stone polygon nets (produced by frost heaving), circles or netsvertical body of ice penetrating...
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Thermokarst lakesPingo
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Lakes formed in depression as permafrost thaws, causes CH4 to be released Heaved, circular...
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Ice ageGlaciation
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series of glaciations and interglaciations spanning 1-3 million yearsPeriod of cold where glaciers...
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interglaciationsDeglaciation
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warm phasewidespread recession during a warm period
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causes of ice age
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earths orbital variations (Milankovich cycles) axial wobble (precession of equinox) and axial...
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What was the name of our last glacier (in Canada)
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cordillera ice sheet 15,00 yrs ago
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