What Are Various Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance -Peds Exam 1

24 cards   |   Total Attempts: 182
  

Cards In This Set

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Major Fluid Compartments 
- Intracellular: Within cell- Extracellular: Intravascular: in blood vessels                           Interstitial: surround the cell (ECF)                           Transcellular: w/i specialized cavities (CSF,                     synovial, pleural) 
Electrolytes w/i Compartments
ICF: Potassium, Phosphate and Magnesium
ECF: Sodium,  Chloride
3 Transport Mechanisms
Diffusion: natural movement of solutes- high to low concentrationFacilitated Diffusion: carrier substance to aid movement through a membrane (ex. glucose/ insulin)Osmosis: water across semi-permeable membrane- low to high concentration
Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:TBW and ICF vs ECF
-Infants have proportionally more water in ECF space than adults-ECF more vulnerable to depletion-TBW about 60% in adults and 80% in infant - By 2 yo TBW about same as adult
Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:Body Surface Area
-infant's BSA 2-3 times greater than adult (based on weight)-infant looses larger amts of fluid through skin
Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:Metabolic Rate
-Infant has increased production of metabolic waste-Infant's metabolic rate significantly higher than adult's
Differences in Infant, Child, Adult:Kidney Funct
Infant's kidneys are immature resulting in:-lower ability to concentrate urine-lower ability to dilute urine-decr. ability to conserve or excrete sodium*** puts infant at greater risk when imbalance occurs
Acid/ Base Regulation 
Acids- donate hydrogen ionsBases-accept hydrogen ionspH- measurement of hydrogen ion concentration (relationship between base and acid)
Ranges:pH, PCO2, HCO3
PH: 7.35-7.45PCO2: 35-45HCO3: 22.26
Resp. Acidosis 
PH less than 7.35PCO2 greater than 45HCO3 = or incCompensatory Mechanism inc in HCO3
Resp Alkalosis 
PH greater than 7.45PCO2 Less than 35HCO3 = or decrCompensatory Mechanism decr HCO3
Metabolic Acidosis
PH less than 7.35PCO2 = or less thanHCO3 less than 22Compensatory Mechanism inc RR
Metabolic Alkalosis
PH greater than 7.45PCO2 = or greaterHCO3 greater than 26Compensatory Mechanism decr RR
Types of Dehydration:ISOTONIC
-primary type in children-equal amts of water and sodium loss (no electrolyte imbalance)-major fluid loss from ECF-Plasma sodium between 130-150 (WNL)-Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, burns, hemorrhage 
Types of Dehydration:HYPOTONIC
-more sodium loss than water loss-Hyponatremia (Sodium < 130)-Fluid moves from ECF to ICF-Further depletes ECF -Affects LOC due to swelling of brain cells-caused by excessive adm. of dilute fluids