Flashcard Set Preview
| Side A | Side B | ||
| 1 |
Lifespan Development
|
Continues through life
|
|
| 2 |
3 Interrelated areas of Lifespan development
|
Physical, cognitive, psychosocial
|
|
| 3 |
Cohort
|
A group of people born around the same time in the same place
|
|
| 4 |
Continuous change
|
Gradual developments where achievements BUILD on previous level
|
|
| 5 |
Discontinuous change
|
Distinct steps, each behavior brings out a different change
|
|
| 6 |
Critical period
|
Time during development where stimuli has its greatest consequences (Long lasting, irreversible...
|
|
| 7 |
Sensitive period
|
Reversible consequences, if stimuli are removed
|
|
| 8 |
Maturation
|
Any factor that is produced by the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
|
|
| 9 |
Freud's psychoanalytic theory
|
UNCONCIOUS forces act to determine personality and behavior, the unconscious is a part of a...
|
|
| 10 |
Freud's 3 components of personality
|
id - raw, unorganized inborn part of personality present at birth, pleasure principleego-rational...
|
|
| 11 |
Erikson's psychosocial theory
|
Society and culture shape us
|
|
| 12 |
Psychosocial development
|
Changes in our interactions with and understandings of one another as well as in our knowledge...
|
|
| 13 |
Behavioral perspective (SKINNER)
|
Keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
|
|
| 14 |
Operant conditioning
|
Form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association...
|
|
| 15 |
Behavior modification
|
Formal technique of promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence...
|
|
| 16 |
Piaget's cognitive theory
|
All pass through fixed sequence series of universal stages of cognitive development, quality...
|
|
| 17 |
Humanistic perspective
|
People have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior
|
|
| 18 |
Bioecological approach
|
Perspective that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals
|
|
| 19 |
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
|
Cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
|
|
| 20 |
Scientific method
|
Posing and answering questions using systematic, orderly observation and data collection
|
|
| 21 |
Hypothesis
|
Prediction that can be tested
|
|
| 22 |
Naturalistic observation
|
Naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention
|
|
| 23 |
Case studies
|
Interviews
|
|
| 24 |
Independent variable
|
Variable that researches manipulate
|
|
| 25 |
Dependent variable
|
Variable that researchers expect to change and measure
|
|
| 26 |
Sample
|
Group of participants chosen for an experiment
|
|
| 27 |
Longitudinal research
|
Behavior of one or more participants is measured as they age
|
|
| 28 |
Cross-sectional research
|
People of different ages are compared at the same time
|
|
| 29 |
Sequential studies
|
Examine number of different age groups over several points in time
|
|
| 30 |
Zygote
|
Fertilized egg
|
|
| 31 |
Chromosomes
|
23 pairs for humans
|
|
| 32 |
Monozygotic twins
|
Identical twins, one egg
|
|
| 33 |
Dizygotic twins
|
Fraternal twins, two eggs
|
|
| 34 |
Boy or girl
|
Determined by the 23rd chromosome, XY - boy XX - girl
|
|
| 35 |
Down syndrome
|
Extra chromosome in 21st pair
|
|
| 36 |
Genetic counseling
|
Helps people deal with issues related to inherited disorders
|
|
| 37 |
Chriionic villus sampling
|
Test used to find genetic defects, uses samples of hair-like material that surrounds embryo
|
|
| 38 |
Amniocentesis
|
Identifies genetic defects using sample of fetal cells
|
|
| 39 |
Fertilization
|
Sperm + ovum = zygote
|
|
| 40 |
Stages of prenatal period
|
Germinal- First two weeks after conception, shortest period. Division and differentiation of...
|
|
| 41 |
Teratogen
|
Environmental agent (drug, virus, etc.) that produces birth defect
|
|
| 42 |
Neonate
|
Term for newborn
|
|
| 43 |
Episiotomy
|
Incision made to increase size of vagina allowing baby to pass (GOD DAMN)
|
|
| 44 |
Apgar scale
|
Rating system for new born's health, 7-10 is a healthy baby
|
|
| 45 |
Anoxia
|
Restriction of oxygen to baby during birth process that can produce brain damage
|
|
| 46 |
Bonding
|
Close physical and emotional contact between parent and child immediately following birth.
|
|
| 47 |
Preterm infants
|
Infants born prior to 38 weeks after conception
|
|
| 48 |
Low birth weight infants
|
Infants who weigh less than 5.5 lbs at birth
|
|
| 49 |
Small for gestational age infants
|
Delayed fetal growth causes infants to weigh 90% or less of infants of the same gestational...
|
|
| 50 |
very low birthweight infants
|
Infants who weigh less than 2.25 grams or have been in the womb less than 30 weeks
|
|
| 51 |
Reflexes
|
Unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically from certain stimuli
|
|
| 52 |
Habituation
|
Decrease in response to stimulus after it appears repeatedly
|
|
| 53 |
Cephalocaudal principle
|
Principle that growth begins at the head and upper body parts and proceeds downwards
|
|
| 54 |
Proximodistal principle
|
Principle that development proceeds from center of body outwards
|
|
| 55 |
Synaptic pruning
|
Elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of stimulation
|
|
| 56 |
Myelin
|
Fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds transmission of nerve impulses
|
|
| 57 |
Plasticity
|
degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable
|
|
| 58 |
Rhythms
|
Repetitive, cyclical patterns of behaivor
|
|
| 59 |
State
|
Degree of awareness an infant displays to internal and external stimulation
|
|
| 60 |
Gross motor skills
|
Involves the whole body
|
|
| 61 |
Fine motor skills
|
Hand-eye coordination, picking up a cup to drink
|
|
| 62 |
Developmental norms
|
Average performance of large sample of children at a given age
|
|
| 63 |
Malnutrition
|
improper amount and balance
of nutrient, produces ...
|
|
| 64 |
Piaget's approach
|
Qualitative, all children must pass through 4 universal stages
|
|
| 65 |
Schemes
|
Organized pattern of sensorimotor functioning
|
|
| 66 |
Assimilation
|
Incorporates new information
|
|
| 67 |
Accommodation
|
Changes information
|
|
| 68 |
Deferred imitation
|
Person who is no longer present is imitated later
|
|
| 69 |
Information processing approaches
|
Model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information
|
|
| 70 |
Holophrases
|
One-word utterances that stand for a whole phrase
|
|
| 71 |
Telegraphic speech
|
2 word speech (doggy go)
|
|
| 72 |
Infant directed speech
|
Speech for infants, short simple sentences
|
|
| 73 |
Stranger anxiety
|
Caution and wariness displayed by an infant encountering a stranger
|
|
| 74 |
Separation anxiety
|
Distress when customary care provider departs
|
|
| 75 |
Social smile
|
Smiling in response to others
|
|
| 76 |
Social referencing
|
Looking to trusted adult on how to act in unfamiliar situations
|
|
| 77 |
Attachment
|
Social bond between child and an individual
|
|
| 78 |
Ainsworth Strange Situation
|
sequence of staged episodes that illustrates strength of attachment between child and mother
|
|
| 79 |
Secure attachment pattern
|
Style of attachment that uses mother as home base, at ease when present, uneasy when she leaves...
|
|
| 80 |
Reciprocal socialization
|
infant's behavior bring responses from parents and caregivers, which brings out more response...
|
|
| 81 |
Personality
|
Characteristics that differentiates one from another
|
|
| 82 |
Trust verus mistrust stage
|
Period where infants develop sense of trust or mistrust, depending on how needs are met by...
|
|
| 83 |
Autonomy-versus-shame-and doubt stage
|
Period which toddlers (18 months - 3 years) develop independence if they are free to explore...
|
|
| 84 |
Temperament
|
Patterns of arousal and emotionality that are constant and enduring characteristics
|
|
| 85 |
Goodness of fit
|
Notion that development is dependent on degree of match between children's temperament and...
|
No comments yet! Be the first to add a comment below!
Please login to post comments.
After login, we will forward you back to this flashcard.