Flashcard Set Preview
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| 1 |
orbital part of orbicularis oculi arises from?
Its function
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Arises from orbital margin and medial palpebral ligament
Forceful closure
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| 2 |
palpebral part of orbicularis oculi courses from?
its function?
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Medial palpebral ligament to through both eyelids to insert on lateral palpebral raphe.
less...
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| 3 |
Lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi runs where?
Its function is what?
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posterior to the lacrimal sac.
aids in tear collection
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| 4 |
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi runs?
action?
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maxilla and inserts on skin of upper lip.
elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril
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| 5 |
levator labii superioris origin?
insertion?
action?
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maxilla at the inferior margin of the orbit deep to orbicularis oculi.
lateral half of upper...
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| 6 |
zygomaticus minor origin
insertion
action
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zygomatic bone
lateral part of upper lip
elevates upper lip
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| 7 |
zygomaticus major origin
insertion
action
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zygomatic bone
corner of mouth
pulls mouth upward and outward as in smiling or laughing
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| 8 |
levator anguli oris origin
insertion
lies deep to what
action
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maxilla
corner of mouth
lies deep to levator labii superioris
elevates the corner of the...
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| 9 |
Risorius
origin
insertion
action
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parotid and buccal fascia
corner of the mouth
widens the mouth
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| 10 |
depressor anguli oris
origin
insertion
action
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mandible
angle of mouth (corner)
depresses corner of mouth as in grief
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| 11 |
depressor labii inferioris
origin
insertion
action
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mandible
lower lip
depress lower lip and move it laterally
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| 12 |
mentalis
origin
insertion
action
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incisive fossa of mandible
skin of the chin
raises and protrudes lower lip
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| 13 |
Buccinator
origin
insertion
action
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ptyergomandibular raphae, mandible and maxilla inserting into mouth
aids in mastication.involved...
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| 14 |
Blood supply of the scalp
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superficial temporal, occipital, posterior auricular, supratrochlear, supraorbital
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| 15 |
cutaneous innervation of scalp
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branches of trigeminal n.
dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves C2 &C3
ventral rami of cervical...
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| 16 |
anterior cranial fossa formed by what bones
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cribiform plate and crista galli of ethmoid, orbital plate of frontal bone, lesser wing of...
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| 17 |
middle crainal fossa formed by what bones?
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greater and greater wings of sphenoid, squamous and petrous parts of temporal
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| 18 |
posterior cranial fossa formed by what bones?
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dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone, occipital bone, and the petrous and mastoid processes of...
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| 19 |
portion of the occipital and sphenoid bones anterior to the foramen magnum is called what?
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the clivus
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| 20 |
falx cerbri attaches anteriorly and posteriorly to what?
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anter: frontal crest and crista galli
post: internal occipital protuberance
midline: tentorium...
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| 21 |
falx cerebri separates what?
tentorium cerebelli separates what?
falx cerebelli separates...
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1. cerebral hemispheres
2. occipital lobes in middle cranial fossa from cerebellum in the...
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| 22 |
tentorium cerebelli attaches anteriorly to what?
posteriorly to what?
midline to what?
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anterior&posterior clinoid processes
posteriorly to occipital bone along groove for transverse...
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| 23 |
cavernous sinus is a meeting of which sinueses?
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superior sagittal sinus, occipital sinus, straight sinus and transverse sinus
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| 24 |
cavernous sinus has what embedded in its outer dural wall?
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oculomotor, trochlear, opthalmic, maxillary cranial nerves
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| 25 |
cavernous sinus has what embeded within the sinus itself?
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internal carotid artery and abducens cranial nerve
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| 26 |
cavernous sinus drains to where?
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superior and inferior petrorosal sinuses
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| 27 |
the superior petrosal sinuse connects which two sinuses?
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transverse sinus with the cavernous sinus
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| 28 |
the inferior petrosal sinuses connect which two sinuses
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cavernous sinus with the internal jugular veins
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| 29 |
base of the orbit made of what bones?
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anterior orbital opening and bordered by the bones of the orbital margin: frontal, maxillary,...
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| 30 |
bones of the lateral wall of the orbit?
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zygomatic bone, greater wing of sphenoid
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| 31 |
bones of the medial wall of the orbit?
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orbital plate of the ethmoid, frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal, frontal and orbital...
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| 32 |
roof of the orbit made of what bones?
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orbital plate of the frontal bone, lesser wing of the sphenoid
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| 33 |
roof separates orbit from?
medial wall separates it from?
lateral wall separates it from
floor...
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anterior cranial fossa and frontal sinus.
ethmoidal air cells and sphenoid sinus.
temporal...
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| 34 |
location of optic canal? communication between?
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between the body and lesser wing of the sphenoid.
orbit and anterior cranial fossa.
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| 35 |
superior orbital fissure location? communication between?
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between the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid. orbit and middle cranial fossa.
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| 36 |
inferior orbital fissure location? communication between?
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maxilla and greater wing of the sphenoid.
orbit and pterygopalatine fossa
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| 37 |
nasolacrimal canal location? communication between?
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maxilla and lacrimal bones. orbit and nasal cavity.
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| 38 |
anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina location? communication between?
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near frontoethmoidal suture. orbit and ethmoidal air cells.
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| 39 |
what type of glands open on the ciliary follicles of the eye?
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sebaceous glands (of zeis)
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| 40 |
tarsal glands, other name is?
type of gland?
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meibomian glands.
modified sebaceous glands
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| 41 |
inflammation of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid is called what?
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sty(hordeolum externum)
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| 42 |
inflammation of the tarsal glands result in a what?
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tarsal cyst (chalazion)
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| 43 |
lacrimal puncta are?
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pores that open into the lacrimal canaliculi. located at the medil margins of the ipper and...
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| 44 |
lacrimal canaliculi are?
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duct that carry lacrimal fluid from the lacus lacrimalis to the lacrimal sac.
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| 45 |
nasolacrimal duct does?
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drians tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity
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| 46 |
where is the lacrimal sac located
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behind the medial palpebral ligament
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| 47 |
levator palpebrae superioris:
origin
insertion
action
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origin: lesser win of sphenoid superior to opic canal.
insertion: tarsal plates and skin of...
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| 48 |
all rectus muscles originate and insert where?
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origin: common annular tendon
insert:sclera of eyeball
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| 49 |
action of superior rectus
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adduction, elevation, inversion
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| 50 |
actions of inferior rectus
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adduction, extorsion, depression
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| 51 |
superior oblique m. origin
inserion
action
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o: sphenoid body medially, passes through trochlea
i: sclera posterolaterally
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| 52 |
inferior oblique m origin?
insertion?
action?
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floor of the orbit.
sclera posteriorly
action: extorsion, abduction, elevation
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| 53 |
long ciliary nerve pierces what? sensory to what?
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the eyeball, sensory to cornea, sclera and bulbar conjunctiva
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| 54 |
infratrochlear nerve pierves what? supplies what?
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pierves the orbital septum. sensory to lacrimal apparatus, lower eyelid, and palpebral conjuntiva.
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| 55 |
central artery of the retina pierces what structure?
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optic nerve
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| 56 |
ciliary arteries pierce what structure?
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pierce the scera
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| 57 |
the ciliary arteries supply?
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choriod
iris
ciliary body
sclera
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| 58 |
lacrimal artery supplies?
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lacrimal gland, eyelids, and palpebral conjunctiva
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| 59 |
inferior opthalmic vein communicates whith which other veins?
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drains to the cavernous sinus and communicates with the pterygoid venous plexus via the inferior...
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| 60 |
sclera is made up of what kind of tissue? it covers what portion of the ocular globe?
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dense connective tissue. 5/6
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| 61 |
the limbus is what?
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the circular furrow marking the junction between the sclera and the cornea
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| 62 |
the cornea epithelium is continuous with what?
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the bulbar conjunctiva
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| 63 |
does the cornea have a blood supply?
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no, it is avascular
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| 64 |
uvea is called the blank tunic?
within the uvea is what three major structures?
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vascular tunic.
the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris
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| 65 |
the ciliary muscles are what type of muscle?-they are under what type of control?
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smooth muscle.
parasympathetic control.
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| 66 |
ciliary processes give rise to what structure? they secrete what?
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suspensory ligaments of the lens
aqueous humor
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| 67 |
what are the two categories of the retinal layer?
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optic retina and ciliary and iridial retina
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| 68 |
what are the two layer of the optic retina?
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outer pigmented layer and an inner neural layer that contains the photoreceptive cons and rods
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| 69 |
what is the macula lutea
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area of high visual acuity-corresponding to central visual field
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| 70 |
where is the optic disc? what converges here?
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just medial to the macula lutea, its where the fibers of the retinal ganglion cells converge...
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| 71 |
what is the fovea centralis?
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the fovea centralis is the center of the macula, it is the area of the greatest visual resolution
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| 72 |
where do the retinal arteries radiate out from?
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the optic disc
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| 73 |
is the ciliary and iridial retina photoreceptive?
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no
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| 74 |
where is the ciliary and iridial retina located
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its pigmented epithelium deep to the ciliary body and iris.
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| 75 |
what is the orra serrata?
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a jagged line posterior to the ciliary body marking the transition between the non-sensory...
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| 76 |
the flow of aqueous humor is what?
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from ciliary processes to posterior chamber of eye through the pupillary aperture to the anterior...
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| 77 |
dry macular degeneration results from what?
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changes in macular thickness and pigmentation
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| 78 |
glaucoma is what?
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an increase in intraocular pressure due to the failure of the aqueous humor to drain.
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| 79 |
primary glaucoma is also called what? and is different from seconary glaucoma how?
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also called open angle-as a sublte onset until optic nerve gets damage-rather than an acute...
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| 80 |
secondary(closed angle) glaucoma results from what?
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acute blockage of the scleral venous sinus and is typically accompanied by pain and visual...
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| 81 |
what are the layers of the deep cervial fascia?
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investing, pretracheal, prevertebral, carotid sheath
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| 82 |
what layer does the platysma lie in?
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superficial cervial fascia
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| 83 |
what structures are enclosed by the investing layer of deep cervial fascia?
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parotid gland, submandibular gland, sternocleidomastoid m, trapezius m.
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| 84 |
what is enclosed in the carotid sheath?
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common carotid artery and internal carotid artery, carotid sinus nerve, internal jugular v,...
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| 85 |
floor of the posterior triangle?
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prevertebral fascia of: scalenes anterior, medius and posterior, levator scapulae, splenius...
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| 86 |
the pretracheal fascia has what two functions?
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teather the omohyoid m. to the clavicle and forms a pully thru which the digastric m goes thru...
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| 87 |
what structures are found in the occipital triangle?
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external jugular vein, transverse cervial artery, accessory nerve, trunks of brachial plexus,...
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| 88 |
what two triangles make up the posterior triangle?
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occipital and sublavian
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| 89 |
what is contained within the subclavian triangle?
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suprascapular a, subclavian a. and external jugular v.
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| 90 |
four triangles within the anterior triangle?
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carotid, submandibular, submental, muscular
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| 91 |
what are the borders of the submental?
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hyoid bone, midline of neck, and anterior belly of digastric
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| 92 |
submandibular triangle borders?
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ant and post belly of digastric, inferior part of mandible
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| 93 |
carotid triangle borders?
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posterior belly of digastric, superior belly of omohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid
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| 94 |
insertion?
action?
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superior nuchal line and mastoid process.
laterally flexes and rotates head and neck. bilaterally...
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| 95 |
levator scapulae's origin, insertion, action?
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o: tp of c1-c4.
i: superior part of medial border of scapula
a: elevate the scapula and rotate...
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| 96 |
scalenes anterior origin, insertion, action
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o: tp of c4-c6
i: 1st rib
elevates 1st rib, rotates and laterally flexes head and neck
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| 97 |
scalenes medius origin, insertion, action
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o: tp of c2-c7
i: 1st rib
elevates 1st rib and laterally flexes head and neck
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| 98 |
scalenes posterior origin, insertion action
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o: tp c5-c7
i: second rib
elevates second rib and laterally flexes neck
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| 99 |
omohyoid superior belly
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intermediate tendon to inferior border of hyoid bone
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| 100 |
inferior belly of omohyoid
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scapula to intermediate tendon
depress, steadies hyoid bone, retracts it.
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| 101 |
Diploic veins connect the veins of what two structures?
Possible route for transmission of...
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Connected with veins of the scalp and face.
Can transmit infection into skull.
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| 102 |
Emissary veins link what veins to what?
Possible route of transmission of infection into?
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Veins of nasal cavity to the superior sagittal sinus.
Into the skull!
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| 103 |
Superior opthalmic veins anastamose with what vein?
Possible spread of infection from what...
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Facial vein.
Facial infection to the interior of the brain case.
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| 104 |
Carotid sheath connects which two cavities?
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Cranial cavity to mediastinum
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| 105 |
Pterygoid plexus connects veins from where to where?
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Superficial temporal region (pterygoid plexus veins) to veins in the interior of the skull....
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| 106 |
Infections that start in nasal or oral pharynx can spread to where via what?
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Can spread to thoracic cavity via the retropharyngeal space.
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| 107 |
which veins are valvess?
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facial, angular, opthalmic, and diploic veins
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| 108 |
where is the bone marrow found?
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in the diploe
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| 109 |
route of infection from face?
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facial vein
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| 110 |
the cavities of the paranasal sinuses are filled with what?
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air
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| 111 |
sutures are made of what type of tissue?
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fibrous connective
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| 112 |
where are the arachnoid granulations located in the calvaria?
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in the groove for the superior sagittal sinus
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| 113 |
route of infection from scalp and face?
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diploic veins
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| 114 |
route of transmission from nasal cavity?
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emissary veins into superior sagital sinus
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| 115 |
the optic canal contains what?
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optic nerve and opthalmic artery
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| 116 |
foramen cecum contains what?
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emissary veins
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| 117 |
foramen in the middle cranial fossa are what?
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rotundum,ovale, spinosum, sup orbital fissure, carotid canal, lacerum petrosal hiatuses
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| 118 |
what cranial nerves go thru sup orbital fissure
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oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal (opthalmic division), abducens &opthalmic veins
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| 119 |
foramen spinosum contains what?
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middle meningeal artery &vein
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| 120 |
what is in the carotid canal?
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internal carotid artery entering cavernous sinus
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| 121 |
trigeminal ganglion lies in what?
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the trigeminal cave of meckel formed between dural and endosteal and meningeal layers of the...
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| 122 |
foramen in the posterior cranial fossa?
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internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramina, hypoglossal canals
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| 123 |
the falx cerbri runs in what plane? what about the tentorium cerebelii?
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falx:vertical plane. tentorium: horizontal plane
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| 124 |
where does the tentorium cerebelli attach?
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anterior and posterior clinoid processes
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| 125 |
what is a tentorial herniation?
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part of temporal lobe pushed through the tentorial notch between the free edge of tentorium...
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| 126 |
in what cranial fossa does the falx cerebelli lie?
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posterior cranial fossa
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| 127 |
straight sinus recieves drainage from what sinuese?it then becomes what?
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the inferior sagittal sinus. it becomes the left transverse sinus
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| 128 |
the paired transverse sinuses course where?
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in the posterior attachment of hte tentorium to the cerebellum
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| 129 |
once the transverse sinuses leave the plane of the tentorium they are called what?
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the sigmoid sinuses
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| 130 |
where does the occipital sinus drain?
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into the confluence of sinuses
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| 131 |
confluence of sinuses is junction of what?
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straight, superior, &occipital with the transverse sinuses
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| 132 |
where does the cavernous sinus drain into?
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the superior and inferior petrosal sinus
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| 133 |
superior petrosal sinus connects which 2 sinuses? inferior connects?
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transverse with cavernous. cavernous with internal jugular
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