Flashcard Set Preview
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episodes of severe depression characterized by downcast mood, feelings of hopelessness and...
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major depression
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a chronic pattern of minor depression
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dysthymic disorder
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periods of shifting moods between mania and depression,perhaps with intervening periods of...
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bipolar disorder
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mood swings that are milder in severity than those in bipolar disorder
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cyclothymia
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a relatively mild state of mania
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hypomania
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Common Features of Depression - Changes in Emotional States
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-changes in mood-evidence of tearfulness or crying-increased irritability, jumpiness, or loss...
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Common Features of Depression - Changes in Motivation
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-feeling unmotivated or having difficulty getting going in the morning or even getting out...
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Common Features of Depression - Changes in Functioning and Motor Behavior
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-moving about or talking more slowly than usual-changes in sleep habits (sleeping too much...
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Common Features of Depression - Cognitive Changes
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-difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly-thinking negatively about oneself and one's future-feeling...
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a state of unusual elation, energy, and activity
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mania
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concurrent major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder (usually more severe depressive...
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double depression
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| 12 |
risk factors in major depression
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- age (onset is most common among young adults)- socioeconomic status (lower down = greater...
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| 13 |
william styron
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celebrated author who suffered from major depression
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Carrie Fisher
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actress ho was diagnosed with bipolar disorder
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Ernest Hemingway & Vincent can Gogh
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suffered mood disorders
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Cognitive Triad of Depression
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negative view of oneselfnegative view of the environmentnegative view of the future
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10 Cognitive Distortions
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- all or nothing thinking- overgeneralization- mental filter- disqualifying the positive- jumping...
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the views that depression derives from adopting negative views of oneself, the environment...
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cognitive triad of depression
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seeing events as either all good or all bad
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all or nothing thinking
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if a negative event occurs, it is likely to occur again in similar situations
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overgeneralization
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focusing only on negative details of events, rejecting the positive features of one's experiences
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mental filter
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tendency to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory by neutralizing or denying one's accomplishments
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disqualifying the positive
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forming a negative interpretation of events, despite a lack of evidence
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jumping to conclusions
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the tendency to make mountains out of molehills/one minimizes or underestimates one's good...
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magnifications/minimization
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basing reasoning on emotions
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emotional reasoning
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creating personal imperatives or self-commandments
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"Should" statements
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explaining behavior by attacking negative labels to oneself or others
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labeling and mislabeling
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assuming that one is responsible for other people's problems and behavior
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personalization
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automatic thoughts associated with:depression vs anxiety
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if self-esteem oriented - depressionif fear oriented - anxiety
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a behavior pattern characterized by passivity and perceptions of lack of control
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learned helplessness
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learned helplessness is both ____ and ____ perspectives: situational factors foster attitudes...
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behavioral and cognitive
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example: blame self
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internal attribution
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example: blame the circumstances we face
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external attribution
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example: bad experiences as typical events
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stable attribution
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example: bad experiences as isolated events
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unstable attribution
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example: bad experiences as evidence of broader problems
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global attribution
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example: bad experiences as evidence of precise and limited shortcomings
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specific attribution
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top three attributions most vulnerable to depression
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Internal - believes that failures reflect personal inadequaciesglobal - believes that...
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| 39 |
the belief that different emotional disorders are linked to particular kinds of automatic thoughts
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cognitive-specificity theory
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| 40 |
ECT is for-
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treating severe depression, help relief major depression
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prozac, antidepressant is for -
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relieve depression
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lithium is for-
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bipolar disorder
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| 43 |
suicide rates are highest among_____?
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adults 65 and older, especially white males
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who attempts suicide more, men or women?
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women attempt, men succeed (quicker, faster methods)
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higher suicide rate ethnically?
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white americans and native americans over asian or hispanic americans. white americans are...
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highest suicide rates in the nation?
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native american adolescents and young adult males
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tips for handling suicide:
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-draw the person out (questions)-be sympathetic-means other than suicide good for solving the...
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suicide myths
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-people who threaten are only seeking attention-must be crazy to commit suicide-talking about...
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