Flashcard Set Preview
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symbiosis
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intimate association between two or more organisms of different species.
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parasitism
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symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species, one benefits, one is harmed.
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macroparasite
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large (flea, tick, fungi), long generation time, change hosts multiple times, spread by direct...
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microparasites
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virus, bacteria, small, short generation time, develop and multiply rapidly in host, disease,...
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endoparasite
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parasite habitat within your host, controlled environment but has to contend with immune system....
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ectoparasites
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parasite habitat externally on host, exposed to harsh environment, easy to find a host so transmission...
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parasites cause:
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decline in birth rate, impact on growth rate, negative impact in competition, increase in susceptibility...
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how are parasites transmitted?
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directly from host to host (microparasites, bacteria, nematode) via air, water, wind,...
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life cycles
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holoparasites and hemiparasites
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holoparasite
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parasitic plants, 100% totally dependent on host for resources. nonphotosynthetic, rely on...
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hemiparasites
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partially independent of host, mistletoe is photosynthetic with chlorophyll but draws water...
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definitive host
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where the parasite reaches maturity, lives, and reproduces
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intermediate host
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parasite in larval stage/dispersal stage. (indirect transmission, usually mactoparasites.
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social parasitism
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not living in or on but negatively affecting it
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brood parasitism
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cowbird in a different mothers next will take all the food and attention and may knock baby...
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kleptoparasitism
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chase and harass another to get goods.
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what three ways can the host respond to parasites?
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biochemical (immune response), physical (abnormal growth), defensive (grooming)
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physical response to parasites
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abnormal growth, pearl. something shouldn't be here so they incapsulate it and add layers and...
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in what ways do parasites affect their host?
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host sterility (crabs, dull colored birds), change in behavior (killfish), rabies (raccoon)
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Mutualism
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positive result from both species involved
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obligat symbiotic mutualistic relationship
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one or both obligated to be in the situation to grow and survive. coral uses zooxanthellae...
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obligate non-symbiotic mutualism
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one or both obligated to live like that but they live apart for some period of their lifecycle....
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non-obligate mutualism
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can survive and reproduce independently but they do better if they are in a relationship. fish...
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commensialism
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one benefits and the other is neither benefited or harmed. clown fish live in anemonies...
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