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Cards In This Set
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What are the active ingredients in opium?
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Morphine 10%Codeine .75-2.5%Thebaine <1%
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What plant is opium derived from?
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Poppy
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Describe the process of collecting opium. Where did opium originate?
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Cut made in seedpods of poppy. Sap oozes overnight. Collect sap next day. Only produced 10 days of the lifecycle of the poppy plant. Originated in Asia minor
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What do opiate antagonists do?
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Treat overdoses.
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What are the 2 most important opium antagonists?
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Naloxone and Nalorphine
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Describe naloxone, opiate antagonist.
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It is a pure antagonist, and will block action of any other opioid. No opioid activity itself.
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Describe nalorphine, opiate antagonist
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It has some opioid activity of it's own, but will antagonize other opioids.
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What does an antagonist do?
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It counteracts the effects of other drugs.
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Why are most opioids not as effective taken orally? Which is the exception to this?
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Most of not rapidly absorbed from the digestive system cuz 1. most molecules are ionized in acid pHs; 2. there is significant metabolism first pass through the liver; 3. not very lipid soluble.
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What ways can the opioids be administered?
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1. Oral 2. parenterally 3. Inhalation 4. Transdermally
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Which MOA of opioids is the most effective?
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Parenteral Routes (injection of drug in any capacity ex. vein, muscle, etc)
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Which opioid is the only one that can be inhaled?
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Heroine called snuff
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Which method of admin was developed when HIV/AIDS became public?
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"chasing the dragon" Burn oil rich relatively pure heroine on metal foil and use tube to inhale the smoke. 17-63% of oil vapourizes depending on if it is: 1. salt 2. freebase 3. temperature 4. airflow. This is a very effective method of admining the drug.
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Describe how the opioid antagonists are administered.How long till max brain levels are reached?
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Parenterally, as they are also poorly absorbed via digestive tract. 15-60 mins til max brain levels are reached.
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How are opioids absorbed and where are they concentrated after they are absorbed?
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Absorbed via blood. Most is concentrated in the lungs, spleen, liver, a large percentage are bound to blood proteins.
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