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5 types of DIURETICS
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1.carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 2. loop diuretics 3.osmotic diuretics 4.potassium-sparing diuretics 5.thiazides&related diuretics
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Hypertension may be treated by giving an antihypertensive drug and what 2 types of diuretics?
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Loop diuretics & thiazides and related diuretics
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CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
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-sulfonamides w/ nonbacteriostatic action.
-carbonic anhydrase enzyme makes free H ions. -excretes Na,K,bicarb,water. -decreases IOP *glaucoma
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ACETAZOLAMIDE (Diamox)
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
*glaucoma,edema,epilepsy. onset 1-2hrs for8-12hrs
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FUROSEMIDE (Lasix)
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Loop Diuretic
*HTN,edema,cirrhosis,renal disease
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LOOP DIURETICS
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Lasix:^Na+Cl excretion>>inhibits reabsorption in distal&proximal tubules & in loop of Henle. Bumex:^excretion of Cl,some Na. acts on proximal tubule.
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BUMETANIDE (Bumex)
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Loop Diuretic (PO IV IM)
*CHF+pulmonary edema, cirrhosis, renaldisease. onset 30-60min for 4-6hrs
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OSMOTIC DIURETICS
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- ^ the density of the filtrate in the glomerulus, prevents selective reabsorption of water>>H2O,Na,Cl excretion ^
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MANNITOL (Osmitrol)
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Osmotic Diuretic (IV)
*renal failure, IOP,cerebral edema,irrigation
contraindicated: active intracranial bleeding
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POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
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-saves K -Spironolactone:blocks aldosterone activity=blocks Na reabsorption@distaltubule>>Na+H2O excreted
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SPIRONOLACTONE (Aldactone)
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Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
*HTN,edema,cirrhosis,renal disease. men may develop gynecomastia
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THIAZIDES & RELATED DIURETICS
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-inhibits Na+Cl reabsorption in ascending LoopofHenle & early distal tubule>> Na,Cl,H2O excreted. preg: B
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CHLOROTHIAZIDE (Diuril)
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Thiazide & related diuretics (PO IV)
*HTN,edema,cirrhosis,corticosteroid & estrogen therapy
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HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE (HydroDIURIL)
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Thiazide & related diuretics
*HTN,edema,cirrhosis,corticosteroid & estrogen therapy
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Uses of DIURETICS (4)
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1.Edema(CHF, cirrhosis, corticosteroid/ estrogen therapy, cerebral). 2.HTN 3.Renaldisease 4.Glaucoma(^IOP)
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