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Chapter 2 Theories of Development
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I.PsychoAnalytic Approach
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Freud's Psychosexual TheoryErikson's Psychosocial Theory
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Freud's Psychosexual Theory
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Two Parts: The Structure of Personality - Id, Ego, and SuperEgo PsychoSexual Development...
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Id, Ego, and Superego
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Id - Born with it. It is your pleasure center and unconscious thoughts. Ego - Conscious...
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Psychosexual Development
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Erogenous zones: when a part of the body is aroused/pleasured. There needs to be an appropriate...
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Oral Stage
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(0-1.5 years) Mouth is the erogenous zone. Usually comes from Mother breast-feeding.
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Anal Stage
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(1.5-3 years) Anus is the erogenous zone. Pleasure through potty training. Child learns control...
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Phallic Stage
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(3-6 years) Penis is the erogenous zone. Little boys fall in love with mommy and little girls...
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Latent Period
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(6-puberty years) No erogenous zone. Child focusses on non sexual activity.
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Genital Stage
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(puberty-on) Back to focussing on sexual needs.
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Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
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Neo-Freudian Approach:Liked Freud's Basic IdeasFreud = Sexual DevelopmentErikson = Social Effecting...
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Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
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(0-1.5 years) Newborns need to trust that they'll be safe and get what they need in life. Family...
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Autonomy vs. Shame/Self-Doubt
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(1.5-3 years) Child establishes who they are as individuals, wants to be autonomous. Asserts...
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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(3-6 years) Try things that are new to them. Sometimes it does not work, so they feel guilty.
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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(6-11 years) Child tries to become good at what they do. (Example: Child begins to color within...
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Identity vs. Identity Diffusion
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(adolescence) Form their own identity or self.
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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(young adulthood) Seek intimacy/connection with another person. (Does not mean romantic relationship,...
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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(middle adulthood) Recognize you are not going to be around forever, how do I matter?
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Ego-Integrity vs. Despair
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(late adulthood) Realize most of your life is behind you.
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
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Changes in Thinking
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Key Concepts in Piaget's Theory
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1. Schemes - mental interaction with physical world. Motor/Sensor Schemes think with physical...
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