Criminal Justice 201 Test 2

Initiation into the cultureDevelopment of working personality Acceptance of the informal system or informal code of behavior

Suspicious, solidarity and authorization.. the causes of the personality are danger, efficiency and authority

Watchman- emphasizes the public order, wide latitude of discretion, less likely to invoke the cj processLegalistic- emphasizes crime fighting, discretion is discouraged, implement of the cj process as much as possibleService- emphasizes on responsiveness to community, less formal then legalistic but more controlled than watchmen, invoke cj procss when necessary

Selectivity- of enforcement; how selective in enforcement of law. Aggressiveness- on the street; how aggressive in pursuit of the goal of crime control (Michael Brown)
Perspective- intellectually understood the nature of human suffering- tragic (have sympathy) V. Cynical (no sympathy)Morality of coercion- morally resolve the contradiction of achieving just ends with coercive means. Integrated (feel comfortable using force) V. Conflicted (uncomfortable using force)(William Kermuir)

Corruption is acts involving the misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner designed to produce gain for him/her self or for others. (Three Elements)Forbidden by some lawmisuse of authority actual/expected material reward or gain

Women: Enlarge pool of competent candidates, reduce use of excessive force, improve response to violence against women, reduce discrimination/ harassment claims

Image of the job, traditionally a “macho” job for men, forced to choose between POLICEwoman and policewoman

They didn’t feel accepted by white officers or other blacks, minorities viewed them as sell outs, challenged by young blacks, needed to prove that they weren’t black violators so treated blacks more harshly, however research shows it’s no longer an important aspect of perceptions

Historically, blacks have pushed for black police, providing higher quality of policing. Influence of white society/ white police subculture dashes those hopes

Gratuities: Free meals, etc. Bribes: Payoffs to protect activity, ignore laws, etc. Theft & Burglary: Take money from people, steal drugs, etc. Internal Corruption: Bribe for promotions, etc. Corruption & Brutality: Beating drug dealers, etc

Local Political Culture: Corruption in other parts of government Nature of Police Work: They have many opportunities. “Low visibility” Police Organization: Poor management/ supervision. Exists b/c department tolerates it Police Subculture: Initiates officers into corrupt activities, covers up corrupt activities

Protects other criminal acts; corruption undermines effectiveness of CJS, undermines professionalism, secret tax adding up to millions of dollars, undermines public confidence

1. If policeman physically assaults citizen then fails to make arrest 2. If the citizen did not resist by word or deed, yet force was used 3. When there is resistance but officer could have restrained citizen without force 4. If there was a large number of officers who could have helped restrain 5. If offender was handcuffed and made no attempt to flee or offer violent resistance 6. If citizen resisted but use of force was used even after the citizen was subdued

Use of profane/abusive language. Commands to move on/get home. Stopping and questioning citizens, searching them and their cars. Threat to use force if not obeyed. Prodding with night-stick or approaching with gun. Actual use of force.

Old rule was fleeing felon rule -New rule is defense of life rule -1972 NYPD replace fleeing felon w/ defense of life. Defend yourself, other officers, or other citizens -Tennessee v. Garner, the fleeing felon rule was ruled unconstitutional by SCOTUS -It reduced the amount of citizens killed and reduced racial disparity -In Memphis, the amount of unarmed and not assaultive fleeing felons killed was reduced to 0