What Are Various Ways to Trace Evidence in Terms of Investigation Flashcards

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Locard's Exchange Principle
States that when a person comes into contact with an object or another person, a cross-transfer of physical evidence can occur.
Goal of a crime-scene investigation
Recognize, document, and collect evidence at the scene of a crime
Trace evidence
  • Pet hair on clothes/rugs
  • hair on a brush
  • fingerprints on a glass
  • soil tracked into a house by shoes
  • drop of blood on clothes
  • used facial tissue
  • paint chips
  • broken glass
  • fiber from clothing.
Why should you separate the witness from the crime scene?
To stop witnesses from working together to create a story
Collection of evidence requires
  • Case #
  • item inventory #
  • description of the evidence
  • name of suspect
  • name of victim
  • date & time of recovery
  • signature of person recovering evidence
  • signature of any witnesses present during collection.
A crime scene sketch should include
  • Position of the body
  • All objects measured from 2 to immovable landmarks
  • North should be labeled
  • A scale of distance should be provided
  • Any other objects in the vicinity of the crime scene (doors, windows, furniture)
Circumstantial evidence
Indirect evidence that can be used to imply a fact, but does not directly prove it
Direct evidence
Includes first hand observations, such as eye witness accounts or police dashboard video cameras.
Class evidence
Narrows an identity to a group of persons or things
First responder
Secure the scene as a responsibility as the first responding police officer
Photographer
Take photos of the crime scene
Sketch artist
Draws a potential suspect based on eye witness accounts
Crime scene investigation team
  • Police officers - usually first to arrive at crime scene
  • Crime scene investigators - document crime scene in detail and collect physical evidence
  • Medical examiners - may be necessary to determine cause of death when a homicide occurs
  • Detectives - look for leads by interviewing witnesses and talking to the investigators about the evidence
  • Specialists - forensic scientists & forensic psychologists may be consulted if the evidence requires their expertise
Crime Scene Management
1. Information management2. Manpower management3. Technology management4. Logistics management
Crime Scene Map
The use of imaging technology and mapping technology to compile a map that can, in some cases, be rendered in three dimensions. That most include a method of electronic distance determination, height and slope measurements, mapping capability, and the ability to locate points in three dimensions.